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Define Sahara.
The largest hot desert in the world, characterized by scorching heat and very little rain.
What is the Sahel?
A semiarid region south of the Sahara Desert, receiving slightly more rainfall than the desert.
Define Savannah.
Grasslands with scattered trees and seasonal rainfall, supporting diverse wildlife.
What is a Tropical Rainforest?
A biome near the equator with high rainfall, dense forests, and significant biodiversity.
Define Mediterranean climate.
Characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers, found in parts of North Africa and the southern tip.
What is the Niger River?
A major river in West Africa, important for trade and agriculture.
What is the Congo River?
A major river in Central Africa, known for its significant water volume and biodiversity.
What is the Zambezi River?
A major river in Southern Africa, famous for Victoria Falls.
What is the Orange River?
An important river in Southern Africa, used for irrigation and water supply.
What is the Nile River?
The longest river in the world, flowing from East Africa to the Mediterranean Sea, crucial for ancient Egyptian civilization.
Cause and effect: Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Indian Ocean proximity.
Cause: Proximity to seas. Effect: Facilitated trade, economic growth, and cultural exchange for early societies.
Cause and effect: Fertile soils in the Sahel and savannah.
Cause: Fertile soils. Effect: Enabled farming of sorghum, millet, and rice, supporting population growth.
Cause and effect: Diverse climates in Africa.
Cause: Climate diversity. Effect: Varied trade opportunities and specialized regional economies.
Cause and effect: Proximity to seas?
Cause: Coastal access. Effect: Easy fishing, trade, economic growth, and cultural exchange.
Cause and effect: Climate diversity?
Cause: Diverse climates. Effect: Varied trade opportunities and specialized regional economies.
Cause and effect: Fertile soils?
Cause: Fertile soils in the Sahel and savannah. Effect: Major population hubs and agricultural development.
Cause and effect: Water routes?
Cause: Water routes like the Niger River. Effect: Easier trade, travel, and population concentration.
Cause and effect: Desert climate?
Cause: Arid climate. Effect: Nomadic herding and salt production by groups like the Tuareg and Berber.
Cause and effect: Savannah climate?
Cause: Savannah climate. Effect: Grain crop production and trade by groups like the Hausa city-states.
Cause and effect: Rainforest climate?
Cause: Rainforest climate. Effect: Production and trade of kola nuts, yams, and gold by groups like the Akan and Ashanti.
Cause and effect: Trade connections?
Cause: Trade connections in the Sahel and savannah. Effect: Linking the Sahara to tropical regions, allowing trade in gold, salt, and ivory.
Cause and effect: Mediterranean Climate?
Cause: Mediterranean Climate. Effect: Development of unique agricultural practices and settlement patterns in North Africa and the southern tip.
Cause and effect: Red Sea?
Cause: Red Sea. Effect: Separated Africa from the Middle East, influencing trade and cultural exchange.