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What role did churches play in enslaved communities?
Churches served as sanctuaries, information hubs, political organizing centers (especially in the North), and places for cultural preservation.
How did enslaved people preserve their culture?
Through music, storytelling, religious practices, and maintaining community bonds, despite the dehumanizing conditions of slavery.
Define daily resistance.
Everyday acts of defiance by enslaved people, like slowdowns, sabotage, theft, and escape, to challenge their oppression.
What is 'reclamation' in this context?
Taking food or resources by enslaved people as a form of resistance and asserting their right to sustenance.
Define 'abolitionist'.
A person who advocated for the end of slavery and worked to achieve the freedom of enslaved people.
What is a mutiny?
An open rebellion against constituted authority, especially by sailors or soldiers against their officers.
Define 'insurgency'.
An active revolt or uprising.
What is meant by 'emancipation'?
The process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation.
Define 'agency' in enslaved people.
The capacity of enslaved people to act independently and make their own free choices, despite the oppressive conditions.
What is a 'primary source'?
A document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study.
What is 'sabotage'?
Deliberately destroying, damaging, or obstructing something, especially for political or military advantage.
Define 'transatlantic slave trade'.
The brutal system of trading enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.
What was the German Coast Uprising?
A large-scale revolt in 1811 led by Charles Deslondes, where up to 500 enslaved people marched toward New Orleans.
What was the Creole Mutiny?
A mutiny in 1841 on the slave ship *Creole*, led by Madison Washington, resulting in the enslaved people sailing to the Bahamas and gaining freedom.
What was Nat Turner's Rebellion?
An 1831 rebellion led by Nat Turner, who believed he was divinely chosen to lead enslaved people to freedom.
What was Denmark Vesey's planned rebellion?
A planned but unrealized rebellion in 1822 led by Denmark Vesey, aiming to liberate enslaved people and sail to Haiti.
What happened in Santo Domingo, 1526?
Enslaved Africans revolted against Spanish explorers, then escaped and found refuge with Indigenous communities.
What was the context of Jefferson's letter to Rufus King?
Jefferson's letter reveals the anxieties of slaveholders about resistance and their attempts to control enslaved populations.
What was the significance of the Haitian Revolution?
It inspired enslaved people in the US to revolt and fight for their freedom.
What was the 'Address to the Slaves of the United States'?
A speech given by Henry Highland Garnet in 1843, calling for active resistance to slavery.
What was the role of churches in enslaved communities?
Churches served as sanctuaries, information hubs, centers for political organizing, and places for cultural preservation.
What were some common forms of daily resistance?
Slowing work pace, damaging tools, theft, and escape.