Define 'Partus Sequitur Ventrem'.
A legal principle where a child's legal status is based on the mother's status.
What is a 'social construct'?
A concept created by society, not based on biological reality.
Define 'phenotype'.
Physical traits like skin color that influence racial identity perception.
What is 'hypodescent'?
Assigning a person to the racial group of their socially subordinate parent.
Define the 'one-drop rule'.
Classifying someone with any African ancestry as Black.
What is 'hereditary slavery'?
Slavery that is passed down through generations.
Define 'commodification of reproduction'.
Treating enslaved women's reproductive abilities as a valuable asset.
What are 'racial hierarchies'?
Systems of stratification based on perceived racial differences.
Define 'white supremacy'.
The belief that white people are superior to other races.
What is meant by 'multiracial heritage'?
Having ancestors from more than one racial group.
What is the cultural significance of the 'Am I Not a Woman and a Sister?' image?
It represents the abolitionist movement's effort to highlight the humanity of enslaved Black women.
Cause and effect of 'partus sequitur ventrem'.
Cause: Legal codification. Effect: Hereditary slavery, commodification of women.
Cause and effect of the 'one-drop rule'.
Cause: Maintaining racial hierarchy. Effect: Limited multiracial identities.
Cause and effect of laws defining racial categories.
Cause: Justifying oppression. Effect: Reinforcement of racial hierarchies.
