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What are the key differences between density-dependent and density-independent factors?
Density-dependent: Impact changes with population size. | Density-independent: Impact is regardless of population size.
Compare exponential and logistic growth.
Exponential: Unrestricted growth, J-shaped curve. | Logistic: Growth slows as it reaches carrying capacity, S-shaped curve.
What is carrying capacity?
The maximum population size an environment can sustainably support.
Define overpopulation.
When a population's density exceeds the ecosystem's resource availability.
What are density-dependent factors?
Factors whose effect on a population changes based on the population size.
What are density-independent factors?
Factors that affect populations regardless of their size.
Define logistic growth.
A population growth model that considers carrying capacity; growth slows as it approaches carrying capacity.
What is the effect of exceeding carrying capacity?
Resource depletion, increased competition, decline in population health and fitness.
What is the effect of increased population density on disease transmission?
Diseases spread more easily and rapidly.
What is the effect of overcrowding on a population?
Can trigger migration.
What happens to population growth as N approaches K in logistic growth?
The population growth rate slows down.
What is the effect of climate change on population dynamics?
Habitat loss and shifts in resource availability.