All Flashcards
Sum Limit Law Formula
Difference Limit Law Formula
Product Limit Law Formula
Quotient Limit Law Formula
, provided
L'Hôpital's Rule Formula
If and , then
Constant Multiple Limit Law
Power Limit Law
Limit of a Constant
Limit of x
Squeeze Theorem Formula
If for all x near c, and , then .
How to find given a graph of ?
- Locate 'a' on the x-axis. 2. Follow the graph as x approaches 'a' from both sides. 3. Identify the y-value that the graph approaches. 4. That y-value is the limit.
How to find given a table of values?
- Look at x-values approaching 'a' from both sides. 2. Observe the corresponding y-values. 3. If y-values approach the same number, that's the limit.
How to evaluate if direct substitution yields 0/0?
- Try to factor and simplify the expression. 2. If simplification doesn't work, consider L'Hôpital's Rule. 3. Take the derivative of the numerator and denominator. 4. Evaluate the limit again.
How to evaluate if contains a radical?
- Multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the expression containing the radical. 2. Simplify the expression. 3. Evaluate the limit.
How to find where P and Q are polynomials?
- Divide both numerator and denominator by the highest power of x in the denominator. 2. Evaluate the limit as x approaches infinity. Terms like 1/x approach 0.
How to determine if a limit exists at a point?
- Find the limit from the left. 2. Find the limit from the right. 3. If the left-hand limit equals the right-hand limit, the limit exists and is equal to that value.
How to use the Squeeze Theorem to find a limit?
- Find two functions, f(x) and h(x), such that f(x) <= g(x) <= h(x). 2. Find the limits of f(x) and h(x) as x approaches a. 3. If both limits are equal to L, then the limit of g(x) as x approaches a is also L.
How to find the limit of a composite function ?
- Find . 2. Find . 3. If this limit exists, it is the limit of the composite function.
How to deal with piecewise functions when finding limits?
- Determine which piece of the function applies as x approaches the target value. 2. Evaluate the limit using that piece of the function. 3. If the target value is the boundary, check both left and right limits.
How to choose between algebraic manipulation and direct substitution?
- First, try direct substitution. 2. If direct substitution results in an indeterminate form, then use algebraic manipulation techniques.
Define a Limit.
The value that a function approaches as the input approaches a certain value.
What is an indeterminate form?
An expression whose limit cannot be evaluated directly (e.g., 0/0, ∞/∞).
Define L'Hôpital's Rule.
A method to evaluate limits of indeterminate forms by taking the derivative of the numerator and denominator.
What is the Squeeze Theorem?
If and , then .
Define Continuity.
A function is continuous at a point if the limit exists at that point, the function is defined at that point, and the limit equals the function value.
What is a rational function?
A function that can be expressed as the quotient of two polynomials.
Define a composite function.
A function that is formed by combining two functions, where the output of one function becomes the input of the other.
What is meant by algebraic manipulation?
The process of rewriting an expression using algebraic rules to simplify it or transform it into a more useful form.
What is a conjugate?
An expression formed by changing the sign between two terms in a binomial, often used to rationalize denominators.
What does it mean for a limit to 'not exist'?
The function does not approach a specific value as x approaches a certain point, or the left-hand limit and right-hand limit are not equal.