Second Derivatives of Parametric Equations

This study guide covers second derivatives of parametric equations. It reviews parametric functions, finding the first derivative ($dy/dx$) using $dy/dt$ and $dx/dt$, and their applications. The guide then explains how to calculate the second derivative ($rac{d^2y}{dx^2}$) using the chain rule and provides a simplified formula. Finally, it presents three examples demonstrating how to calculate the second derivative of parametric functions and discusses concavity.