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Define 'Solute'.
The substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.
Define 'Solvent'.
The substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution.
Define 'Mobile Phase' in chromatography.
The phase that moves through the stationary phase, carrying the components of the mixture.
Define 'Stationary Phase' in chromatography.
The phase that does not move in chromatography and interacts with the components of the mixture.
Define 'Rf value' in chromatography.
The ratio of the distance traveled by the compound to the distance traveled by the solvent front in chromatography.
Define 'Distillation'.
A process of separating components of a liquid mixture based on differences in boiling points.
What is the effect of a compound having a high affinity for the stationary phase in chromatography?
The compound will move slower and have a lower Rf value.
What is the effect of increasing the polarity of the mobile phase in chromatography?
More polar compounds will move faster, potentially increasing their Rf values.
What is the effect of stronger intermolecular forces on the boiling point of a liquid?
The boiling point increases.
What are the general steps of chromatography?
1. Sample application. 2. Elution with mobile phase. 3. Separation based on interactions with stationary phase. 4. Detection of separated components.
What are the steps of simple distillation?
1. Heat the liquid mixture. 2. Vaporize the liquid with the lower boiling point. 3. Condense the vapor. 4. Collect the condensate.
Describe the process of filtration.
1. Mixture is poured through a filter. 2. Liquid passes through the filter paper as filtrate. 3. Insoluble solid is retained on the filter paper as residue.