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What are the differences between gamma rays and radio waves?
Gamma rays: Shortest wavelength, highest frequency, highest energy. | Radio waves: Longest wavelength, lowest frequency, lowest energy.
What are the differences between wavelength and frequency?
Wavelength: The length of one complete wave cycle. | Frequency: The number of waves that pass a fixed point per unit time.
Compare UV radiation and Infrared radiation.
UV radiation: Shorter wavelength, higher frequency, more energetic, harmful in high doses. | Infrared radiation: Longer wavelength, lower frequency, less energetic, associated with heat.
Compare Microwaves and Visible Light.
Microwaves: Longer wavelength, lower frequency, associated with molecular rotational levels. | Visible light: Shorter wavelength, higher frequency, associated with electron transitions.
Compare X-rays and Visible Light.
X-rays: Shorter wavelength, higher frequency, higher energy, can pass through substances that block visible light. | Visible light: Longer wavelength, lower frequency, lower energy, can be seen by the human eye.
What is electromagnetic radiation?
Energy that travels through space in the form of photons, exhibiting wave-like properties.
What is a photon?
A quantum particle that acts as a force carrier for electromagnetic energy.
Define wavelength (\(\lambda\)).
The length of one complete wave cycle, typically measured in nanometers (nm).
Define frequency (\(\nu\)).
The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time, measured in Hertz (Hz).
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, from gamma rays to radio waves.
What is spectroscopy?
The study of how radiant energy interacts with matter.
What is the effect of shorter wavelength on frequency?
Shorter wavelength leads to higher frequency.
What is the effect of high amplitude on light?
Higher amplitude results in brighter light.
What happens when water molecules absorb microwaves?
Water molecules vibrate and produce heat.
What is the effect of excessive exposure to UV radiation?
Increased risk of skin cancer.
What is the effect of gamma rays on matter?
Gamma rays can remove electrons from atoms/molecules (ionizing radiation).
What happens when atoms absorb visible light?
Electrons undergo transitions to higher energy levels.