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What is the effect of increasing the frequency of light above the threshold frequency in the photoelectric effect?
The kinetic energy of the ejected electrons increases.
What was the effect of Rutherford's gold foil experiment?
It showed that atoms are mostly empty space with a dense, positive nucleus.
What problem did Planck solve by suggesting that light is emitted in discrete packets?
He solved the ultraviolet catastrophe.
Differentiate between the Dalton and Thomson atomic models.
Dalton: Atoms are indivisible spheres. | Thomson: Atoms are a positive 'pudding' with embedded electrons.
Compare and contrast classical physics and quantum mechanics regarding blackbody radiation.
Classical Physics: Predicted infinite energy emission at high frequencies (UV catastrophe). | Quantum Mechanics: Energy is emitted in discrete packets (quanta), resolving the catastrophe.
Explain the difference between low frequency and high frequency light in the photoelectric effect.
Low frequency light: Metal absorbs the light, no electrons are ejected. | High frequency light: Electrons are ejected. The kinetic energy of the ejected electrons increases with the frequency of the light.
Describe the photoelectric effect.
Light strikes a metal surface. If the frequency is above the threshold frequency, electrons are ejected. The kinetic energy of ejected electrons increases with the light's frequency.
Outline Rutherford's gold foil experiment.
Alpha particles were directed at gold foil. Most passed through, but some deflected. This indicated a small, dense, positive nucleus.