What is the effect of increased molecular size on LDF strength?
Increased molecular size leads to stronger LDFs due to increased polarizability.
What is the effect of stronger IMFs on boiling point?
Stronger IMFs lead to higher boiling points.
What causes hydrogen bonding?
Hydrogen bonded to F, O, or N creates a strong dipole-dipole attraction.
What happens when an ionic compound dissolves in water?
Ion-dipole forces form between the ions and water molecules.
What is the effect of high electronegativity difference in hydrogen bonding?
High electronegativity difference leads to very strong attractions between molecules.
What is the effect of increasing the distance between dipoles?
Decreasing the distance between dipoles increases the interaction strength. (Coulomb's Law)
Differentiate between intermolecular and intramolecular forces.
Intermolecular: Forces *between* molecules. Intramolecular: Forces *within* a molecule.
Compare and contrast LDFs and dipole-dipole forces.
LDFs: Present in all molecules, weak, temporary dipoles. Dipole-Dipole: Present in polar molecules, stronger, permanent dipoles.
Compare dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.
Dipole-dipole: Between polar molecules. Hydrogen bonding: Stronger, between H and F, O, or N.
Compare ion-dipole forces and ion-ion attractions.
Ion-dipole: Between ions and polar molecules. Ion-ion: Between ions in ionic compounds.
Contrast the strength of intermolecular forces.
LDFs < Dipole-Dipole < Hydrogen Bonding < Ion-Dipole < Ion-Ion
Define intermolecular forces (IMFs).
Attractive or repulsive forces between molecules due to charge differences.
Define London Dispersion Forces (LDFs).
Weak, temporary attractive forces between all molecules due to temporary dipoles.
Define polarizability.
How easily an electron cloud can be distorted to form a dipole.
Define dipole-dipole interactions.
Attractive forces between polar molecules with permanent dipoles.
Define hydrogen bonding.
A strong type of dipole-dipole attraction occurring when hydrogen is bonded to F, O, or N.
Define ion-dipole forces.
Attractive forces between ions and polar molecules.
Define ion-ion attractions.
Strongest type of attraction, occurring between oppositely charged ions in ionic compounds.
