What is the effect of adding NaCl to a solution containing Pb²⁺ ions?
If the concentration is high enough, PbCl₂ will precipitate out of the solution.
What happens if the limiting reactant in a precipitation reaction is completely consumed?
The reaction stops, and the amount of precipitate formed is determined by the amount of the limiting reactant.
What is the effect of spectator ions on the net ionic equation?
Spectator ions do not appear in the net ionic equation.
What are the steps to writing a net ionic equation?
1. Identify soluble and insoluble compounds. 2. Balance the chemical equation. 3. Write the complete ionic equation. 4. Omit spectator ions. 5. Write the net ionic equation.
Outline the steps to solve precipitation reaction problems.
1. Write and balance the equation. 2. Identify the precipitate. 3. Calculate initial moles. 4. Determine the limiting reactant. 5. Calculate mass of precipitate. 6. Calculate final ion concentrations.
What is a precipitate?
An insoluble solid formed when two or more aqueous solutions are mixed.
Define a precipitation reaction.
A reaction where ions in aqueous solution combine to form an insoluble solid.
What are spectator ions?
Ions that remain unchanged in a reaction and are omitted from the net ionic equation.
What is a net ionic equation?
A chemical equation that shows only the species that participate in the reaction.
Define limiting reactant.
The reactant that is completely used up first, thus limiting the amount of product formed.
