What is the difference between a spontaneous and non-spontaneous reaction in terms of Eยฐcell and ฮGยฐ?
Spontaneous: Eยฐcell > 0, ฮGยฐ < 0 | Non-spontaneous: Eยฐcell < 0, ฮGยฐ > 0
Compare and contrast oxidation and reduction.
Oxidation: Loss of electrons, occurs at the anode | Reduction: Gain of electrons, occurs at the cathode
What is the difference between standard cell potential and cell potential?
Standard cell potential is measured under standard conditions (1 M, 298 K, 1 atm), while cell potential is measured under non-standard conditions.
Define cell potential.
The driving force that pushes electrons through a circuit, measured in volts (V). Also known as electromotive force (EMF).
What is an anode?
The electrode where oxidation (loss of electrons) occurs.
What is a cathode?
The electrode where reduction (gain of electrons) occurs.
Define standard reduction potential.
The measure of the tendency of a chemical species to be reduced, expressed in volts relative to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE).
Define Faraday's constant.
The amount of electric charge carried by one mole of electrons. Approximately 96,485 C/mol e-.
Define Gibbs Free Energy change (ฮGยฐ).
A measure of the amount of energy available in a chemical or physical system to do useful work at a constant temperature and pressure.
What are the steps to calculate standard cell potential (Eยฐcell)?
1. Identify the cathode and anode. 2. Find the standard reduction potentials for the cathode and anode. 3. Apply the formula: Eยฐcell = Eยฐcathode - Eยฐanode.
Describe an alternative method to calculate Eยฐcell?
1. Reverse the oxidation half-reaction (change the sign of its potential). 2. Add the potentials of the reduction and oxidation half-reactions.
How do you calculate ฮGยฐ from Eยฐcell?
Use the formula: ฮGยฐ = -nFEยฐcell, where n is the number of moles of electrons transferred and F is Faraday's constant.
How do you calculate the equilibrium constant K, from ฮGยฐ?
Use the formula: $K = e^{\frac{-ฮGยฐ}{RT}}$ where R is the ideal gas constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
