What was the impact of the Zapatista Movement?
Highlighted conflicts between indigenous groups in Mexico and those favoring global market integration after NAFTA.
What is the significance of Scottish independence movement?
Demonstrates the impact of historical, cultural differences and Brexit tensions on desires for autonomy.
What is the impact of Boko Haram in Nigeria?
Exploits religious and socio-economic cleavages to inflict violence and undermine the government.
What is the significance of Russia's invasion of Ukraine?
Illustrates how external actors exploit internal weaknesses and vulnerabilities within a state.
What are political cleavages?
Internal divisions (ethnicity, religion, class, etc.) that become politically significant.
What are coinciding cleavages?
Multiple cleavages that overlap and reinforce each other, leading to complex conflicts.
Define governmental legitimacy.
The degree to which citizens respect and accept the authority of the government.
What is civil society?
Voluntary groups that connect people with the government.
What is political culture?
Core values shaping people's views on government.
Define political participation.
How people engage in politics (voting, protesting).
What are civil liberties?
Freedoms and protections citizens possess.
What are civil rights?
Legal rights protecting citizens from discrimination.
Define political polarization.
The divergence of political attitudes toward ideological extremes.
Define autonomy.
The right or condition of self-government.
What are the cause and effect of conflicting interests due to cleavages?
Cause: Groups with different interests vying for power. Effect: Political polarization or resolution through dialogue.
What are the cause and effect of intense cleavages?
Cause: Intense cleavages within a state. Effect: Erosion of governmental authority and legitimacy.
What are the cause and effect of unresolved cleavages?
Cause: Unresolved cleavages. Effect: Escalation to conflict, terrorism, or civil war.
What are the cause and effect of a weakened government due to cleavages?
Cause: Weakened government due to internal divisions. Effect: External interference, annexation, or other forms of exploitation.
What is the cause and effect of NAFTA agreement in Mexico?
Cause: Implementation of NAFTA. Effect: Emergence of the Zapatista Movement due to conflicts between indigenous groups and those favoring global market integration.
What is the cause and effect of Brexit tensions in the UK?
Cause: Brexit tensions combined with historical and cultural differences. Effect: Fuel the desire for autonomy and Scottish independence.
What is the cause and effect of religious cleavages in Nigeria?
Cause: Religious cleavages between the Muslim north and the Christian south. Effect: Ongoing conflict and violence, such as the actions of Boko Haram.
