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What were the causes and effects of eliminating *el dedazo* in Mexico?
Cause: Democratization efforts. Effect: Reduced presidential power, more open candidate selection.
What are the causes and effects of Russia's increasing party registration requirements?
Cause: Desire to control political opposition. Effect: Limits party access to ballot, consolidates power.
What is the cause and effect of the first-past-the-post system in the UK?
Cause: Historical tradition. Effect: Favors major parties, marginalizes smaller parties.
What were the causes and effects of privatizing state-owned corporations in Mexico?
Cause: Reduce patronage and corruption. Effect: Weakened the dominant party's control over resources.
What is the cause and effect of limited media access for opposition parties in Russia?
Cause: Government control and censorship. Effect: Limits the ability of opposition parties to gain support.
What is a cause and effect of China's authoritarian regime?
Cause: Historical development and ideology. Effect: The CPC maintains total control, suppressing dissent.
What is a cause and effect of high threshold rules in Russia?
Cause: To limit party access to the ballot. Effect: Reduces political competition and consolidates power.
What is a cause and effect of decentralizing power in Mexico?
Cause: To promote democracy and reduce corruption. Effect: Strengthened subnational governments and reduced central control.
What is a cause and effect of the lack of freedom of speech in Iran?
Cause: Authoritarian Islamic rule. Effect: Suppresses opposition and limits political expression.
What is a cause and effect of combating clientelism in Mexico?
Cause: To promote fair elections and reduce corruption. Effect: Increased voter autonomy and weakened party loyalty.
Define 'political party'.
An organized group of people with common political aims and opinions, that seeks to influence public policy by getting its candidates elected to public office.
What is a 'dominant party system'?
A party system where one political party maintains power for a long period of time because of its popularity or control of the government.
Define 'multi-party system'.
A party system where multiple political parties have the capacity to gain control of government separately or in coalition.
What is a 'platform' in politics?
A set of policies that a political party publicly supports and intends to implement if elected.
Define 'clientelism'.
A political system where favors and resources are exchanged for political support, often involving vote-buying or patronage.
What is a 'hybrid regime'?
A political system that combines elements of both democratic and authoritarian rule.
What is meant by 'regime type'?
The fundamental system of rules and norms that govern a state, including how power is distributed and exercised.
Define 'catch-all party'.
A political party that seeks to attract voters from a wide range of backgrounds and ideologies.
What is a 'two-party dominant' system?
A party system where two major parties consistently hold the most power and influence in government.
Define 'substantive democracy'.
A political system where elections are free and fair, civil liberties are protected, and government is accountable to the people.
What are the differences between a dominant party system and a multi-party system?
Dominant: One party holds power long-term, may suppress opposition. Multi-party: Several parties compete, promoting diverse perspectives.
Compare the party systems in China and the UK.
China: Dominant party (CPC), authoritarian. UK: Two-party dominant, substantive democracy.
Contrast the roles of political parties in Iran and Nigeria.
Iran: No formal party structure, limited freedom. Nigeria: Multi-party system with competing parties.
Compare the party systems of Mexico and Russia.
Mexico: Transitioning to multi-party, emerging democracy. Russia: Dominant party (United Russia), hybrid regime.
What are the key differences between the PDP and APC in Nigeria?
PDP: Center-left, mixed economy, strong state. APC: Market economy, individual freedom, smaller government.
Compare the electoral systems in the UK and Mexico.
UK: First-past-the-post favors major parties. Mexico: Moving towards proportional representation, aiding smaller parties.
Contrast the level of party discipline in the UK and Nigeria.
UK: Strong party discipline in the legislature. Nigeria: Party discipline is weaker due to party fluidity and other factors.
Compare the political party systems of Russia and Iran.
Russia: Dominant party system with United Russia. Iran: No formal structure, Islamic Republic Party (IRP) controls parliament.
Contrast the regime types of China and the UK.
China: Authoritarian, one-party rule. UK: Substantive democracy, multi-party competition.
Compare the roles of minor parties in the UK and Mexico.
UK: Minor parties have regional representation. Mexico: Minor parties are gaining influence in a transitioning system.