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What are the differences between China's and Iran's party systems?
China: One-party rule by CPC, authoritarian. Iran: Shifting political alliances, theocratic control.
How do electoral rules influence party systems?
Single-member districts tend to create two-party systems. Proportional representation leads to multi-party systems.
Compare centralized vs. decentralized party structures.
Centralized: More control from the top, unified message. Decentralized: More local autonomy, diverse platforms.
What is an authoritarian system?
A system where citizens have little to no impact on policymaking; decisions are made by a ruling elite.
What is a dominant party system?
A system where one party maintains power for a long period, despite the presence of other parties.
Define proportional representation.
An electoral system where the number of seats a party wins is proportional to the votes it receives.
Define single-member district.
An electoral district that returns one officeholder to a body with multiple members, such as a legislature.
What is a theocracy?
A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.
What is 'freedom of association'?
The right to freely associate or form groups, including political parties.
What is the effect of the CPC's dominance in China?
Cause: CPC's historical role and control. Effect: Limited citizen influence on policy, authoritarian governance.
How do party laws affect political parties?
Cause: Regulations on party formation and funding. Effect: Can empower or suppress parties, shaping the political landscape.
What is the effect of no direct elections in China?
Cause: CPC control. Effect: The President is selected from within the CPC, not by popular vote.