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How is constructor overloading applied in real-world scenarios?
Creating objects with varying levels of detail, such as creating a 'Product' object with just a name or with name, price, and description.
How are constructors used in database applications?
Constructors can be used to create objects representing database records, initializing them with data retrieved from the database.
What is the output of the following code?
```java
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = null;
try {
System.out.println(str.length());
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
System.out.println("NullPointerException caught");
}
}
}
```
NullPointerException caught
Identify the error in the following code:
```java
public class Person {
private String name;
public Person(String n) {
name = n;
}
public Person(String name) {
name = name;
}
}
```
The second constructor does not properly assign the parameter 'name' to the instance variable 'name'. It should be 'this.name = name;'.
What is the output of the following code?
```java
public class Number {
int value;
public Number(int value) {
this.value = value;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Number num1 = new Number(5);
Number num2 = num1;
num2.value = 10;
System.out.println(num1.value);
}
}
```
10
Identify the error in the following code:
```java
public class Rectangle {
private int width, height;
public Rectangle(int w) {
width = w;
}
}
```
The height instance variable is not initialized in the constructor, potentially leading to unexpected behavior.
What is the output of the following code?
```java
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer x = new Integer(10);
Integer y = x;
x = 20;
System.out.println(y);
}
}
```
10
What is the output of the following code?
```java
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Hello";
modifyString(str);
System.out.println(str);
}
public static void modifyString(String s) {
s = "World";
}
}
```
Hello
Identify the error in the following code:
```java
public class Circle {
private double radius;
public void Circle(double r) {
radius = r;
}
}
```
The constructor is missing the return type. It should be 'public Circle(double r)'. Currently, it is interpreted as a method.
What is the output of the following code?
```java
public class Counter {
private int count;
public Counter(int start) {
count = start;
}
public Counter() {
this(0);
}
public int getCount() {
return count;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Counter c = new Counter();
System.out.println(c.getCount());
}
}
```
0
Identify the error in the following code:
```java
public class Point {
private int x, y;
public Point(int x, int y) {
x = x;
y = y;
}
}
```
The constructor does not properly assign the parameters 'x' and 'y' to the instance variables 'x' and 'y'. It should be 'this.x = x;' and 'this.y = y;'.
What is the output of the following code?
```java
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String s1 = new String("Java");
String s2 = new String("Java");
System.out.println(s1 == s2);
}
}
```
false
What are the differences between pass-by-value and pass-by-reference?
Pass-by-value: A copy is passed, original value unaffected. | Pass-by-reference: The memory address is passed, original value can be modified.
What are the differences between a default constructor and a parameterized constructor?
Default constructor: No parameters, provides default initialization. | Parameterized constructor: Accepts parameters, allows custom initialization.