For: Used when the number of iterations is known. While: Used when the number of iterations is unknown, and depends on a condition.

==: Compares object references (memory locations). .equals(): Compares the content of the strings.

Inheritance: Allows code reuse and creates an 'is-a' relationship. Polymorphism: Allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common type.

A statement that executes code based on a true/false condition.

A one-way selection statement that executes code if a condition is true.

A loop that repeats a block of code a specific number of times.

A loop that repeats a block of code until a condition is false.

A sequence of characters; an object in Java.

A data structure that stores multiple values of the same type.

A blueprint for creating objects; defines data and behavior.

An instance of a class.

A mechanism where a class inherits properties and methods from another class.

The ability of objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common type.

1. Evaluate the condition. 2. If true, execute the code block. 3. If false, skip the code block.

1. Initialize the loop variable. 2. Check the condition. 3. If true, execute the loop body. 4. Increment/decrement the loop variable. 5. Repeat steps 2-4 until the condition is false.

1. Check the condition. 2. If true, execute the loop body. 3. Update the loop variable (if necessary). 4. Repeat steps 1-3 until the condition is false.

1. Declare a variable of the class type. 2. Use the 'new' keyword followed by the class name and parentheses. 3. Optionally, initialize the object's fields.