All Flashcards
Why is the order of conditions important in if-else if-else statements?
The first condition that evaluates to true will execute its code block, and the rest are skipped.
How many if and else blocks can you have in a multi-way selection?
One if and at most one else.
What happens if no conditions are true in an if-else if-else statement?
The else block (if present) is executed. If there is no else block, nothing happens.
Explain the concept of an implicit else.
When a return statement is used inside an if or else if block, code after the conditional can act as an implicit else because it is only reached if prior conditions are false.
What is the advantage of using else if over nested if statements?
else if provides a cleaner and more readable structure for handling multiple exclusive conditions.
Why is it important to test code with various inputs?
To ensure the code handles all possible cases correctly and to identify potential bugs.
How does an if-else if-else statement relate to a decision tree?
Each if or else if condition represents a branch in the tree, and the code inside is the action taken on that branch.
What is the role of braces {} in if-else if-else statements?
Braces define the code blocks associated with each condition, ensuring the correct code is executed.
What is the impact of missing braces in if-else if-else statements?
Missing braces can lead to incorrect code execution and logic errors, as the wrong code may be associated with a condition.
How does the return statement affect the flow of execution in a method?
The return statement immediately terminates the method and returns a value (if any) to the caller.
What is an if-else if-else statement?
A control flow statement that executes different code blocks based on multiple conditions.
What is a condition in an if-else if-else statement?
A boolean expression that is evaluated to determine which code block to execute.
What is the purpose of the else block?
The else block executes if none of the preceding if or else if conditions are true.
Define 'multi-way selection'.
Choosing one option from several, based on different conditions.
What does 'restrictive condition' mean?
A condition that is more specific and less likely to be true.
What is meant by 'code block'?
A group of zero or more statements enclosed in curly braces {}.
What is 'indentation' in coding?
The visual spacing of code lines to improve readability and show code structure.
What is a 'return' statement?
A statement that ends the execution of a method and returns a value to the caller.
Define 'edge case'.
A problem or situation that only occurs at an extreme (maximum or minimum) operating parameter.
What is the purpose of tracing code?
Manually stepping through the code to understand its execution flow and identify errors.
What is the output of the following code?
java
int x = 10;
if (x < 5) {
System.out.println("A");
} else if (x > 5 && x < 15) {
System.out.println("B");
} else {
System.out.println("C");
}
B
What is the output of the following code?
java
int num = 7;
if (num % 2 == 0) {
System.out.println("Even");
} else if (num % 3 == 0) {
System.out.println("Divisible by 3");
} else {
System.out.println("Odd");
}
Odd
What is the output of the following code?
java
int age = 20;
if (age < 13) {
System.out.println("Child");
} else if (age >= 13 && age <= 19) {
System.out.println("Teenager");
} else {
System.out.println("Adult");
}
Adult
Identify the error in the following code:
java
int x = 5;
if (x = 5) {
System.out.println("Equal");
}
The condition x = 5 should be x == 5. The single = is an assignment, not a comparison.
Identify the error in the following code:
java
int grade = 95
if (grade >= 90) {
System.out.println("A");
} else if (grade >= 80) {
System.out.println("B");
}
Missing semicolon at the end of int grade = 95.
What is the output of the following code?
java
int score = 65;
if (score >= 90) {
System.out.println("A");
} else if (score >= 80) {
System.out.println("B");
} else if (score >= 70) {
System.out.println("C");
} else if (score >= 60) {
System.out.println("D");
} else {
System.out.println("F");
}
D
What is the output of the following code?
java
int day = 4;
String dayString;
if (day == 1) {
dayString = "Monday";
} else if (day == 2) {
dayString = "Tuesday";
} else if (day == 3) {
dayString = "Wednesday";
} else {
dayString = "Other";
}
System.out.println(dayString);
Other
What is the output of the following code?
java
int temp = 75;
if (temp < 60) {
System.out.println("Cold");
} else if (temp >= 60 && temp < 80) {
System.out.println("Moderate");
} else {
System.out.println("Hot");
}
Moderate
What is the output of the following code?
java
int value = 15;
if (value % 5 == 0) {
System.out.println("Divisible by 5");
} else if (value % 3 == 0) {
System.out.println("Divisible by 3");
} else {
System.out.println("Not divisible by 3 or 5");
}
Divisible by 5
Identify the error in the following code:
java
int number = 10;
if (number > 5)
System.out.println("Greater than 5");
else if (number < 5) {
System.out.println("Less than 5");
}
Missing curly braces {} for the first if block. Only the first line after the if statement will be conditionally executed.