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All Flashcards
What is the output of the following code?
```java
int x = 10;
if (x < 5) {
System.out.println("A");
} else if (x > 5 && x < 15) {
System.out.println("B");
} else {
System.out.println("C");
}
```
B
What is the output of the following code?
```java
int num = 7;
if (num % 2 == 0) {
System.out.println("Even");
} else if (num % 3 == 0) {
System.out.println("Divisible by 3");
} else {
System.out.println("Odd");
}
```
Odd
What is the output of the following code?
```java
int age = 20;
if (age < 13) {
System.out.println("Child");
} else if (age >= 13 && age <= 19) {
System.out.println("Teenager");
} else {
System.out.println("Adult");
}
```
Adult
Identify the error in the following code:
```java
int x = 5;
if (x = 5) {
System.out.println("Equal");
}
```
The condition `x = 5` should be `x == 5`. The single `=` is an assignment, not a comparison.
Identify the error in the following code:
```java
int grade = 95
if (grade >= 90) {
System.out.println("A");
} else if (grade >= 80) {
System.out.println("B");
}
```
Missing semicolon at the end of `int grade = 95`.
What is the output of the following code?
```java
int score = 65;
if (score >= 90) {
System.out.println("A");
} else if (score >= 80) {
System.out.println("B");
} else if (score >= 70) {
System.out.println("C");
} else if (score >= 60) {
System.out.println("D");
} else {
System.out.println("F");
}
```
D
What is the output of the following code?
```java
int day = 4;
String dayString;
if (day == 1) {
dayString = "Monday";
} else if (day == 2) {
dayString = "Tuesday";
} else if (day == 3) {
dayString = "Wednesday";
} else {
dayString = "Other";
}
System.out.println(dayString);
```
Other
What is the output of the following code?
```java
int temp = 75;
if (temp < 60) {
System.out.println("Cold");
} else if (temp >= 60 && temp < 80) {
System.out.println("Moderate");
} else {
System.out.println("Hot");
}
```
Moderate
What is the output of the following code?
```java
int value = 15;
if (value % 5 == 0) {
System.out.println("Divisible by 5");
} else if (value % 3 == 0) {
System.out.println("Divisible by 3");
} else {
System.out.println("Not divisible by 3 or 5");
}
```
Divisible by 5
Identify the error in the following code:
```java
int number = 10;
if (number > 5)
System.out.println("Greater than 5");
else if (number < 5) {
System.out.println("Less than 5");
}
```
Missing curly braces `{}` for the first `if` block. Only the first line after the `if` statement will be conditionally executed.
Why is the order of conditions important in `if-else if-else` statements?
The first condition that evaluates to `true` will execute its code block, and the rest are skipped.
How many `if` and `else` blocks can you have in a multi-way selection?
One `if` and at most one `else`.
What happens if no conditions are true in an `if-else if-else` statement?
The `else` block (if present) is executed. If there is no `else` block, nothing happens.
Explain the concept of an implicit `else`.
When a `return` statement is used inside an `if` or `else if` block, code after the conditional can act as an implicit `else` because it is only reached if prior conditions are false.
What is the advantage of using `else if` over nested `if` statements?
`else if` provides a cleaner and more readable structure for handling multiple exclusive conditions.
Why is it important to test code with various inputs?
To ensure the code handles all possible cases correctly and to identify potential bugs.
How does an `if-else if-else` statement relate to a decision tree?
Each `if` or `else if` condition represents a branch in the tree, and the code inside is the action taken on that branch.
What is the role of braces `{}` in `if-else if-else` statements?
Braces define the code blocks associated with each condition, ensuring the correct code is executed.
What is the impact of missing braces in `if-else if-else` statements?
Missing braces can lead to incorrect code execution and logic errors, as the wrong code may be associated with a condition.
How does the `return` statement affect the flow of execution in a method?
The `return` statement immediately terminates the method and returns a value (if any) to the caller.
What are the differences between `if-else if-else` and nested `if` statements?
`if-else if-else`: Handles multiple exclusive conditions in a cleaner way. Nested `if`: Can handle more complex, non-exclusive conditions but can be less readable.
What are the differences between using `&&` and `||` in `if-else if-else` conditions?
`&&` (AND): Both conditions must be true. `||` (OR): At least one condition must be true.
What is the difference between using an explicit `else` and an implicit `else`?
Explicit `else`: Clearly defines the block to execute when no conditions are true. Implicit `else`: Relies on `return` statements to achieve the same effect, but can be less clear.
What are the differences between using `if` statements and `switch` statements?
`if` statements: Evaluate boolean expressions. `switch` statements: Evaluate a single variable against multiple constant values.
What are the differences between using `if-else if-else` and a series of independent `if` statements?
`if-else if-else`: Only one block is executed. Series of `if` statements: Multiple blocks can be executed.
What are the differences between using `if-else if-else` and ternary operator?
`if-else if-else`: Handles multiple conditions and code blocks. Ternary operator: A shorthand for simple `if-else` statements.
What are the differences between using `if-else if-else` and `while` loops?
`if-else if-else`: Executes code blocks based on conditions. `while` loops: Repeatedly executes code blocks as long as a condition is true.
What are the differences between using `if-else if-else` and `for` loops?
`if-else if-else`: Executes code blocks based on conditions. `for` loops: Repeatedly executes code blocks a specified number of times.
What are the differences between using `if-else if-else` and `try-catch` blocks?
`if-else if-else`: Handles different conditions in normal program flow. `try-catch` blocks: Handles exceptions and errors.
What are the differences between using `if-else if-else` and boolean algebra?
`if-else if-else`: Executes code blocks based on conditions. Boolean algebra: Manipulates boolean values using operators like AND, OR, and NOT.