What is the key principle behind using a `while` loop?
To repeatedly execute a block of code as long as a specified condition remains true.
Why is it important to avoid infinite loops?
Infinite loops can crash your program by consuming resources indefinitely.
What is the purpose of a loop control variable?
To control the number of iterations in a loop and ensure it terminates correctly.
Explain the concept of a sentinel-controlled loop.
A loop that continues until a specific input (the sentinel) is entered, signaling the end of the loop.
Explain the concept of a flag-controlled loop.
A loop that continues until a specific condition is met within the loop, indicated by a flag variable.
What are the four loopy questions used for debugging loops?
1. Does my loop start right? 2. Does my loop end right? 3. Does my loop make progress towards completion? 4. Will the method break in the middle of the loop?
How does exception handling make code more robust?
By preventing crashes due to runtime errors and allowing the program to gracefully handle unexpected situations.
What is the purpose of the `throws` keyword in a method signature?
It indicates that the method might throw a specific exception, which must be handled by the calling method.
What is the importance of initializing variables before using them in a loop?
Ensures that the loop starts with a known state and avoids unexpected behavior.
Explain the difference between a skipped loop and an infinite loop.
A skipped loop never executes because the condition is initially false, while an infinite loop never terminates because the condition is always true.
What is the definition of Iteration?
The process of repeating a block of code until a condition is met.
What is a `while` loop?
A loop that executes a block of code repeatedly as long as a specified condition remains true.
What is an infinite loop?
A loop where the condition always evaluates to `true`, causing the loop to run indefinitely.
What is a sentinel value in a loop?
A specific input that signals the end of the loop.
What is a flag variable in a loop?
A boolean variable used to control the execution of a loop, typically set to `true` initially and `false` to exit.
What does the `break` statement do in a loop?
Immediately exits the loop, regardless of the loop condition.
What does the `continue` statement do in a loop?
Skips the rest of the current iteration and jumps to the next iteration.
What is an Exception?
An error that occurs during program execution.
What is a `try` block?
A block of code that might throw an exception.
What is a `catch` block?
A block of code that handles specific exceptions thrown in the `try` block.
What is a `finally` block?
A block of code that always executes, regardless of exceptions.
How are `while` loops used in input validation?
To repeatedly prompt the user for input until a valid input is provided.
How are `while` loops used in game development?
To maintain the game loop, continuously updating the game state and rendering the graphics.
How are `while` loops used in data processing?
To iterate through large datasets, performing operations on each element until the end of the data is reached.
How can `while` loops be used to simulate real-world processes?
By modeling repetitive tasks or events that continue until a specific condition is met, such as a machine running until it runs out of material.
How are `while` loops used in file processing?
To read and process data from a file line by line until the end of the file is reached.
How is exception handling used in real-world banking systems?
To handle situations like insufficient funds, invalid account numbers, or network errors during transactions, ensuring data integrity and system stability.
How are `while` loops used in operating systems?
To continuously monitor system resources and respond to events, such as handling user input or managing processes.
