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  1. AP Computer Science A
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What is a nested loop?

A loop inside another loop.

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What is a nested loop?

A loop inside another loop.

What is the outer loop in a nested loop?

The loop that controls the overall iterations.

What is the inner loop in a nested loop?

The loop that executes completely for each cycle of the outer loop.

What does the break statement do in a nested loop?

Exits the inner loop immediately.

What does the continue statement do in a nested loop?

Skips the current iteration of the inner loop.

What does the following code output?

java
public static void printPyramid(int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
            System.out.print("*");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}
printPyramid(3);

** *

What does the following code output?

java
public static void printPyramid(int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
            System.out.print(i+j);
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}
printPyramid(3);

012 23 4

What does the following code output?

java
public static void printPyramid(int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
            if (i == 1 && j == 1) {
                break;
            }
            System.out.print(i+j);
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}
printPyramid(3);

012 2 4

What does the following code output?

java
public static void printPyramid(int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
            if (i == 1 && j == 1) {
                continue;
            }
            System.out.print(i+j);
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}
printPyramid(3);

012 23 4

Identify the potential issue in the following code:

java
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; i < m; j++) {
        System.out.println(i + " " + j);
    }
}

The inner loop condition i < m should be j < m to avoid an infinite loop or incorrect behavior.

What will be the value of primes after the following code executes with n = 3?

java
public static ArrayList<Integer> findNPrimes(int n) {
    int prime = 2;
    ArrayList<Integer> primes = new ArrayList<Integer>();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // Outer loop: Finds n primes
        boolean notPrime = false;
        while (!notPrime) { // Middle loop: Checks if current number is prime
            for (int j = 2; j < prime; j++){ // Inner loop: Checks for divisors
                if (prime % j == 0) {
                    notPrime = true;
                    break; // Exit inner loop if not prime
                }
            }
            if (notPrime) {
                prime++;
                notPrime = false;
            } else {
                notPrime = true; // Exit middle loop if prime
            }
        }
        primes.add(prime);
        prime++;
    }
    return primes;
}
ArrayList<Integer> primes = findNPrimes(3);

[2, 3, 5]

What is the output of the following code snippet?

java
int[][] matrix = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < matrix[i].length; j++) {
        if (matrix[i][j] % 2 == 0) {
            System.out.print(matrix[i][j] + " ");
        }
    }
}

2 4 6 8

What is the output of this code?

java
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
    for (int j = 1; j <= 3; j++) {
        System.out.print(i * j + " ");
    }
    System.out.println();
}

1 2 3 2 4 6 3 6 9

What is the output of the following code?

java
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    for (int j = i + 1; j < 5; j++) {
        count++;
    }
}
System.out.println(count);

10

What is the output of the following code snippet?

java
int x = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
        if (i == j) {
            x += i + j;
        }
    }
}
System.out.println(x);

6

What is the key difference between break and continue in nested loops?

break exits the loop entirely, while continue only skips the current iteration.