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What is a nested loop?
A loop inside another loop.
What is the outer loop in a nested loop?
The loop that controls the overall iterations.
What is the inner loop in a nested loop?
The loop that executes completely for each cycle of the outer loop.
What does the `break` statement do in a nested loop?
Exits the inner loop immediately.
What does the `continue` statement do in a nested loop?
Skips the current iteration of the inner loop.
What does the following code output?
```java
public static void printPyramid(int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
System.out.print("*");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
printPyramid(3);
```
***
**
*
What does the following code output?
```java
public static void printPyramid(int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
System.out.print(i+j);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
printPyramid(3);
```
012
23
4
What does the following code output?
```java
public static void printPyramid(int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
if (i == 1 && j == 1) {
break;
}
System.out.print(i+j);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
printPyramid(3);
```
012
2
4
What does the following code output?
```java
public static void printPyramid(int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
if (i == 1 && j == 1) {
continue;
}
System.out.print(i+j);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
printPyramid(3);
```
012
23
4
Identify the potential issue in the following code:
```java
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; i < m; j++) {
System.out.println(i + " " + j);
}
}
```
The inner loop condition `i < m` should be `j < m` to avoid an infinite loop or incorrect behavior.
What will be the value of `primes` after the following code executes with `n = 3`?
```java
public static ArrayList<Integer> findNPrimes(int n) {
int prime = 2;
ArrayList<Integer> primes = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // Outer loop: Finds n primes
boolean notPrime = false;
while (!notPrime) { // Middle loop: Checks if current number is prime
for (int j = 2; j < prime; j++){ // Inner loop: Checks for divisors
if (prime % j == 0) {
notPrime = true;
break; // Exit inner loop if not prime
}
}
if (notPrime) {
prime++;
notPrime = false;
} else {
notPrime = true; // Exit middle loop if prime
}
}
primes.add(prime);
prime++;
}
return primes;
}
ArrayList<Integer> primes = findNPrimes(3);
```
[2, 3, 5]
What is the output of the following code snippet?
```java
int[][] matrix = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < matrix[i].length; j++) {
if (matrix[i][j] % 2 == 0) {
System.out.print(matrix[i][j] + " ");
}
}
}
```
2 4 6 8
What is the output of this code?
```java
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= 3; j++) {
System.out.print(i * j + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
```
1 2 3
2 4 6
3 6 9
What is the output of the following code?
```java
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < 5; j++) {
count++;
}
}
System.out.println(count);
```
10
What is the output of the following code snippet?
```java
int x = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
if (i == j) {
x += i + j;
}
}
}
System.out.println(x);
```
6
Give a real-world application of nested loops.
Searching for a specific pixel in an image (2D array).
How are nested loops used in game development?
To iterate through game boards or maps, checking for collisions, or updating game states.
How are nested loops used in data analysis?
To compare all pairs of data points in a dataset, calculate correlations, or identify patterns.