All Flashcards
What is a nested loop?
A loop inside another loop.
What is the outer loop in a nested loop?
The loop that controls the overall iterations.
What is the inner loop in a nested loop?
The loop that executes completely for each cycle of the outer loop.
What does the break statement do in a nested loop?
Exits the inner loop immediately.
What does the continue statement do in a nested loop?
Skips the current iteration of the inner loop.
What does the following code output?
java
public static void printPyramid(int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
System.out.print("*");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
printPyramid(3);
** *
What does the following code output?
java
public static void printPyramid(int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
System.out.print(i+j);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
printPyramid(3);
012 23 4
What does the following code output?
java
public static void printPyramid(int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
if (i == 1 && j == 1) {
break;
}
System.out.print(i+j);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
printPyramid(3);
012 2 4
What does the following code output?
java
public static void printPyramid(int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = i; j < n; j++) {
if (i == 1 && j == 1) {
continue;
}
System.out.print(i+j);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
printPyramid(3);
012 23 4
Identify the potential issue in the following code:
java
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; i < m; j++) {
System.out.println(i + " " + j);
}
}
The inner loop condition i < m should be j < m to avoid an infinite loop or incorrect behavior.
What will be the value of primes after the following code executes with n = 3?
java
public static ArrayList<Integer> findNPrimes(int n) {
int prime = 2;
ArrayList<Integer> primes = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // Outer loop: Finds n primes
boolean notPrime = false;
while (!notPrime) { // Middle loop: Checks if current number is prime
for (int j = 2; j < prime; j++){ // Inner loop: Checks for divisors
if (prime % j == 0) {
notPrime = true;
break; // Exit inner loop if not prime
}
}
if (notPrime) {
prime++;
notPrime = false;
} else {
notPrime = true; // Exit middle loop if prime
}
}
primes.add(prime);
prime++;
}
return primes;
}
ArrayList<Integer> primes = findNPrimes(3);
[2, 3, 5]
What is the output of the following code snippet?
java
int[][] matrix = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < matrix[i].length; j++) {
if (matrix[i][j] % 2 == 0) {
System.out.print(matrix[i][j] + " ");
}
}
}
2 4 6 8
What is the output of this code?
java
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= 3; j++) {
System.out.print(i * j + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
1 2 3 2 4 6 3 6 9
What is the output of the following code?
java
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < 5; j++) {
count++;
}
}
System.out.println(count);
10
What is the output of the following code snippet?
java
int x = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
if (i == j) {
x += i + j;
}
}
}
System.out.println(x);
6
What is the key difference between break and continue in nested loops?
break exits the loop entirely, while continue only skips the current iteration.