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What are the differences between for and while loops?
For loop: Used for known number of iterations, initialization/condition/update in one line. While loop: Used for unknown number of iterations, condition checked before each iteration, update manual.
What are the differences between single and nested loops?
Single loop: Iterates a block of code once for each value. Nested loop: An inner loop runs completely for each iteration of the outer loop.
What are the differences between print and println?
print: Prints output to the console without a newline. println: Prints output to the console with a newline.
What does the following code output?
```java
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.print(i + " ");
}
```
0 1 2 3 4
What does the following code output?
```java
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
System.out.print("*");
}
System.out.println();
}
```
*
**
***
****
*****
How many times does the inner loop run?
```java
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= 3; j++) {
System.out.print(j + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
```
15
What does the following code output?
```java
int i = 1;
while (i <= 5) {
int j = 1;
while (j <= i) {
System.out.print(i + " ");
j++;
}
System.out.println();
i++;
}
```
1
2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
What does the following code output?
```java
int i = 1;
while (i <= 5) {
int j = 5;
while (j >= i) {
System.out.print("*");
j--;
}
System.out.println();
i++;
}
```
*****
****
***
**
*
What is the output of the following code?
```java
int x = 5;
int y = 10;
if (x < y) {
System.out.println("x is less than y");
} else {
System.out.println("x is not less than y");
}
```
x is less than y
What is the output of the following code?
```java
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
sum += i;
}
System.out.println(sum);
```
6
What is the output of the following code?
```java
int i = 0;
while (i < 4) {
System.out.print(i + " ");
i++;
}
```
0 1 2 3
Identify the error in the following code:
```java
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i--)
System.out.println(i);
```
The loop will run infinitely because `i` is decremented instead of incremented, so the condition `i < 10` will always be true.
What is the output of the following code?
```java
int x = 10;
int y = 5;
System.out.println(x % y);
```
0
What is code tracing?
Manually executing code line by line, tracking variable values.
What is a tracing table?
A table used to organize code tracing, with columns for iteration, variables, and output.
What is a for loop?
A control flow statement for iterating a specific number of times.
What is a while loop?
A control flow statement that executes a block of code as long as a condition is true.
What is an iteration?
A single pass through a loop's code block.
What is initialization (in a loop)?
The process of setting the initial value of a loop counter variable.
What is the condition (in a loop)?
A boolean expression that determines whether a loop continues to execute.
What is the update (in a loop)?
The modification of a loop counter variable after each iteration.
What is a nested loop?
A loop inside another loop.
What is output (in code tracing)?
The values printed to the console by the code.