All Flashcards
What is a variable?
A named container that stores information which can change during program execution.
What are data types?
The type of data a variable can hold (e.g., integer, string, boolean).
What is a procedure?
A reusable block of code that performs a specific task.
What are parameters?
Inputs to procedures that allow them to operate on different data.
What are return values?
The result a procedure sends back after it completes its task.
What is the Internet?
A global network of interconnected computers that communicate using standard protocols.
What is the World Wide Web?
A system of linked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.
What is HTML?
The language used to structure web pages.
What is binary?
The fundamental language of computers using 0s and 1s.
What is cybersecurity?
Measures taken to protect computer systems and networks from threats.
What is sequence in programming?
Instructions are executed in order, one after the other.
What is selection in programming?
Code blocks are executed based on conditions (if, if-else).
What is iteration in programming?
Code blocks are repeated until a condition is met or for a specific number of times (loops).
What is the purpose of random number generation?
To introduce unpredictability and simulate real-world events in programs.
Describe the function of routers in the Internet.
Routers direct data packets between networks to ensure they reach their destination.
Explain the role of protocols in Internet communication.
Protocols are standard rules that enable computers to communicate with each other. Examples include TCP/IP, HTTP, and DNS.
What is data representation?
How data is encoded and stored in a computer system (e.g., binary, ASCII, Unicode).
What is data visualization?
Using charts and graphs to understand patterns in data.
What is data mining?
Discovering useful information from large datasets.
What is ethical computing?
Applying moral principles to the use of computers and technology, including privacy, avoiding bias, and respecting intellectual property.
What are the differences between the Internet and the World Wide Web?
Internet: The global network infrastructure. | World Wide Web: A service that uses the Internet to access linked hypertext documents.
What are the differences between ASCII and Unicode?
ASCII: Represents characters using 7 or 8 bits. | Unicode: Represents characters using a variable number of bits (up to 4 bytes), supporting a wider range of characters.
What are the differences between positive and negative impacts of the Internet?
Positive: Increased access to information, global communication. | Negative: Privacy concerns, cybersecurity risks.
What are the differences between random.random() and random.randint() in Python?
random.random(): Returns a random float between 0.0 and 1.0. | random.randint(a, b): Returns a random integer between a and b (inclusive).
What are the differences between sequence and selection control structures?
Sequence: Instructions are executed in order. | Selection: Code blocks are executed based on a condition.
What are the differences between lossy and lossless data compression?
Lossy: Some data is lost during compression, reducing file size significantly. | Lossless: All data is preserved during compression, allowing for perfect reconstruction.
What are the differences between a client and a server?
Client: Requests services from a server. | Server: Provides services to clients.
What are the differences between a variable and a constant?
Variable: Its value can change during program execution. | Constant: Its value remains the same throughout program execution.
What are the differences between a compiler and an interpreter?
Compiler: Translates the entire source code into machine code before execution. | Interpreter: Translates and executes the source code line by line.
What are the differences between a firewall and antivirus software?
Firewall: Prevents unauthorized access to a network or computer. | Antivirus: Detects and removes malicious software from a computer.