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What is an appeal to logos and how is it used?
Using logic, facts, and evidence to persuade the audience. Example: Presenting statistical data to support a claim.
What is an appeal to pathos and how is it used?
Using emotional language and imagery to evoke feelings in the audience. Example: Sharing a personal anecdote to create empathy.
What is an appeal to ethos and how is it used?
Establishing credibility and trustworthiness to gain the audience's confidence. Example: Citing credentials or experience to demonstrate expertise.
What is repetition and how is it used?
Repeating words or phrases for emphasis and to create a memorable effect. Example: 'I have a dream' speech.
What is a metaphor and how is it used?
Comparing two unlike things without using 'like' or 'as' to create a vivid image. Example: 'The world is a stage'.
What is a simile and how is it used?
Comparing two unlike things using 'like' or 'as' to create a vivid image. Example: 'As brave as a lion'.
What is anecdote and how is it used?
A brief story used to illustrate a point or connect with the audience. Example: Sharing a personal experience to support an argument.
What is rhetorical question and how is it used?
A question asked for effect rather than to elicit an answer. Example: 'Are we not all human?'
What is parallelism and how is it used?
Using similar grammatical structures to create rhythm and balance. Example: 'I came, I saw, I conquered'.
What is antithesis and how is it used?
Presenting contrasting ideas in parallel structure. Example: 'It was the best of times, it was the worst of times'.
What is a simple sentence?
A sentence containing one independent clause.
What is a compound sentence?
A sentence containing two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction or semicolon.
What is a complex sentence?
A sentence containing one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
What is a compound-complex sentence?
A sentence containing two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
What is an independent clause?
A clause that can stand alone as a sentence.
What is a dependent clause?
A clause that cannot stand alone as a sentence and relies on an independent clause.
What is active voice?
A sentence structure where the subject performs the action.
What is passive voice?
A sentence structure where the subject receives the action.
What is subject-verb agreement?
The verb must agree in number with its subject.
What is a misplaced modifier?
A modifier that is placed too far from the word it modifies, causing confusion.
What is the structure of a classical argument?
Introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, conclusion.
What is the purpose of a Rogerian argument?
To find common ground and reach a compromise with the opposing viewpoint.
What is a claim?
A statement that asserts a belief or position. It requires defense.
What is evidence in argumentation?
Facts, statistics, examples, and expert opinions used to support a claim.
What is a warrant in argumentation?
The underlying assumption that connects the claim and the evidence.
What is inductive reasoning?
Moving from specific observations to a general conclusion.
What is deductive reasoning?
Moving from a general statement to a specific conclusion.
What is the Toulmin model of argumentation?
Claim, data, warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal.
What is the purpose of a rebuttal in argumentation?
To address and refute potential counterarguments.
What is the role of concession in argumentation?
Acknowledging the validity of a part of the opposing argument.