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What do survivorship curves show?
Mortality patterns, age-specific survival, and parental care impact.
What are the characteristics of Type I curves?
High survival until old age, sharp mortality increase later; typical of K-selected species.
What are the characteristics of Type II curves?
Constant death rate throughout lifespan; age doesn't impact survival probability.
What are the characteristics of Type III curves?
High mortality early in life, few survive to old age; typical of r-selected species.
How do K-selected species relate to survivorship curves?
They typically exhibit Type I survivorship curves.
How do r-selected species relate to survivorship curves?
They typically exhibit Type III survivorship curves.
How does parental care affect survivorship?
High parental care often leads to higher survivorship rates, especially early in life.
Why are survivorship curves important for conservation?
They help identify vulnerable life stages of endangered species.
How do survivorship curves aid wildlife management?
By understanding how mortality rates are affected by factors like hunting or habitat loss.
What insights do survivorship curves provide into ecosystems?
They provide insights into the dynamics of ecosystems and how different species interact.
What are survivorship curves?
Graphs showing the proportion of individuals likely to survive to different ages.
Define mortality pattern.
Mapping of when individuals in a species are most likely to die.
Define age-specific survival.
How survival rates change as individuals age.
Define K-selected species.
Species with few offspring, high parental care, and long lifespans.
Define r-selected species.
Species with many offspring, little parental care, and short lifespans.
Define Type I survivorship curve.
High survival until old age, then a steep drop in survival.
Define Type II survivorship curve.
Constant death rate throughout the lifespan.
Define Type III survivorship curve.
High mortality early in life, with few surviving to old age.
What does parental care impact?
A population's survival.
Define population dynamics.
The study of how population sizes change over time.
What is the effect of high parental care on survivorship?
Increased survival rates, especially in early life stages.
What is the effect of habitat loss on survivorship?
Decreased survival rates, especially if it impacts breeding or feeding grounds.
What is the effect of being an r-selected species on survivorship?
High mortality rates early in life, with few individuals surviving to old age (Type III).
What is the effect of being a K-selected species on survivorship?
High survival rates until old age, followed by a rapid decline (Type I).
What is the effect of predation on survivorship?
Decreased survival rates, especially for vulnerable life stages.
What is the effect of climate change on survivorship?
Can alter habitat conditions, food availability, and breeding success, affecting survivorship differently for various species.
What is the effect of disease outbreaks on survivorship?
Can cause significant mortality, particularly in dense populations or those with weakened immune systems.
What is the effect of hunting on survivorship?
Can reduce population size and alter age structure, impacting overall survivorship.
What is the effect of pollution on survivorship?
Exposure to toxins can reduce survival rates, especially in sensitive species or life stages.
What is the effect of competition on survivorship?
Increased competition for resources can reduce survival rates, particularly for weaker individuals or species.