Why is urban runoff a problem?
Reduces groundwater, increases pollution, causes erosion.
How do impervious surfaces impact groundwater?
They prevent water from seeping into the ground.
What is the primary goal of runoff mitigation?
To increase water infiltration into the ground.
How does runoff affect marine ecosystems?
Increases freshwater input and pollution levels.
Why is vertical building a solution?
Reduces the amount of paved area needed.
How does runoff impact aquatic life?
Pollutes water, harming or killing organisms.
How does permeable pavement reduce runoff?
Allows water to seep through, increasing infiltration.
How do green roofs mitigate urban runoff?
Vegetation absorbs rainwater, reducing runoff volume.
How do rain gardens reduce runoff?
Collect and filter runoff, increasing infiltration.
How does vertical building reduce runoff?
Reduces paved area compared to horizontal sprawl.
How do trees help reduce runoff?
Absorb rainwater and reduce runoff volume.
Impact of impervious surfaces on groundwater?
Reduced groundwater recharge due to prevention of water seeping into the ground.
How does runoff impact marine systems?
Increased freshwater and pollutant input, disrupting balance.
Role of runoff in water pollution?
Runoff picks up pollutants and transports them to water bodies.
Why is water infiltration important?
Mimics natural processes, replenishing groundwater.
Explain the 'sponge vs. plate' analogy.
Sponge (natural) absorbs, plate (urban) causes runoff.
How does urbanization affect water cycles?
Increases runoff, reduces infiltration, alters flow patterns.
