How is sulfuric acid formed?
SO3 reacts with water.
How is nitric acid formed?
NO2 reacts with water.
Describe the process of ozone formation.
NOx and VOCs react in the presence of sunlight.
How is ammonium formed?
Ammonia reacts with acids.
Outline the process of acid rain formation.
SO2 and NOx are released, react with water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric and nitric acids, which then fall as acid rain.
Describe the formation of secondary particulate matter.
Primary pollutants undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere to form particulate matter.
Define primary pollutants.
Pollutants emitted directly from a source.
Define secondary pollutants.
Pollutants formed when primary pollutants react in the atmosphere.
What are NOx?
Nitrogen oxides (like NO and NO2).
What are SOx?
Sulfur oxides (like SO2 and SO3).
What are COx?
Carbon oxides (like CO and CO2).
What is the Clean Air Act?
US federal law regulating air emissions.
Define hydrocarbons.
Organic compounds made of hydrogen and carbon.
Define particulates.
Tiny solid or liquid particles suspended in the air.
Define VOCs.
Volatile Organic Compounds that evaporate easily.
Define PM2.5.
Particulate Matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less.
What are the effects of burning fossil fuels?
Releases CO, NOx, SO2, hydrocarbons, and particulates.
What is the effect of air pollutants on air quality?
Cause smog, ozone warnings, and acid rain.
What are the environmental consequences of acid rain?
Damages ecosystems.
