Inputs (seeds, fertilizer) → Production (farming) → Processing → Distribution → Consumption.

Raw materials → intermediate products → finished products → consumers.

The arrangement of agricultural activities across a geographic area, influenced by natural resources, infrastructure, economic, social, and cultural factors.

Agriculture focused on maximizing production and profit through mechanization, irrigation, and large operations, often run by corporations.

An interconnected network of production, distribution, and consumption of a product, from raw materials to the final consumer.

Cost advantages gained by increasing the scale of production, leading to lower per-unit costs.

The use of machinery (e.g., tractors, combines) to automate agricultural tasks, increasing efficiency and reducing labor needs.

The artificial application of water to land to assist in the production of crops.

The use of technology (e.g., GPS, sensors) to optimize growing conditions and resource use in agriculture.

The maximum number of organisms (including humans) that an area can sustainably support, given available resources and technology.

The process of combining smaller land holdings into larger units, often seen in large-scale commercial agriculture.

Resources such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and machinery used in agricultural production.

Consumer demand directly influences what and how much is produced in agriculture. Increased demand for certain products leads to increased production.

Infrastructure (roads, ports, markets) facilitates the movement of agricultural goods, influencing where farming is economically viable.

Traditions, preferences, and cultural norms dictate what crops are grown and consumed in different regions.

Technology increases carrying capacity by enabling more food to be produced on less land through methods like irrigation, fertilization, and genetic modification.

Lower prices from large-scale commercial agriculture make it difficult for small family farms to compete, often leading to economic hardship and land consolidation.

Complex commodity chains often span multiple countries, with raw materials sourced in one place, processed in another, and consumed in yet another.

Refrigerated transport allows for the global trade of perishable goods by extending their shelf life and enabling them to be shipped over long distances.

Pesticides and fertilizers can pollute soil and water, leading to environmental degradation and potential harm to ecosystems and human health.

Farmers are key actors in the food commodity chain, responsible for the production of raw agricultural products.

Genetic modification can create pest and disease-resistant crops, increasing yields and reducing the need for pesticides.