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What are the causes and effects of limited resources in cities?
Causes: High population density, consumption patterns. Effects: Water scarcity, energy shortages, strain on infrastructure.
What are the causes and effects of pollution & degradation in urban areas?
Causes: Industrial activity, traffic, waste disposal. Effects: Air/water pollution, health problems, loss of biodiversity.
What are the causes and effects of traffic & transportation issues in cities?
Causes: Car dependence, inadequate public transport. Effects: Congestion, pollution, time wasted commuting.
What are the causes and effects of poverty & inequality in urban areas?
Causes: Lack of job opportunities, inadequate housing, discrimination. Effects: Social unrest, crime, health disparities.
What are the causes and effects of suburban sprawl?
Causes: Cheaper land, desire for single-family homes, car dependence. Effects: Increased car use, habitat loss, declining central city use.
What are the causes and effects of brownfields?
Causes: Past industrial activity, contamination. Effects: Health hazards, blight, prevents redevelopment.
What are the causes and effects of encroachment on green spaces?
Causes: Suburban sprawl, urban expansion. Effects: Deforestation, loss of farmland, reduced biodiversity.
What are the causes and effects of rapid urbanization in developing countries?
Causes: Rural-to-urban migration, economic opportunities. Effects: Informal settlements, strain on infrastructure, poverty.
What are the causes and effects of a lack of infrastructure in informal settlements?
Causes: Rapid growth, lack of planning, poverty. Effects: Poor sanitation, disease, lack of access to services.
What are the causes and effects of environmental disasters on informal settlements?
Causes: Hazardous locations, poor construction. Effects: Displacement, loss of life, spread of disease.
Compare placelessness and sense of place.
Placelessness is the feeling that everywhere is the same, while sense of place is the emotional attachment to a specific location.
Compare challenges to urban sustainability in developed vs. developing countries.
Developed: Aging infrastructure, consumption. Developing: Rapid growth, informal settlements, basic needs.
Compare the causes of suburban sprawl and urban decline.
Suburban Sprawl: Cheaper land, desire for single-family homes. Urban Decline: Loss of jobs, aging infrastructure, crime.
Compare squatter settlements and shantytowns.
Squatter settlements: Homemade structures on occupied land. Shantytowns: Lack legal land claims, lack infrastructure.
Compare the focus of urban planning in the past versus current approaches.
Past: Focus on economic growth and infrastructure. Current: Focus on sustainability, equity, and environmental protection.
Compare the characteristics of a gentrified neighborhood with those of an informal settlement.
Gentrified neighborhood: Increased property values, displacement of low-income residents. Informal settlement: Poverty, lack of infrastructure, insecure housing.
Compare the environmental impact of urban areas with high density versus low density.
High density: Lower per capita energy consumption, less land use. Low density: Higher per capita energy consumption, more car dependence.
Compare the role of public transportation in promoting urban sustainability versus private vehicle use.
Public transportation: Reduces emissions, congestion, and land use. Private vehicle use: Increases emissions, congestion, and land use.
Compare the challenges of managing waste in developed countries versus developing countries.
Developed countries: Focus on recycling and waste reduction. Developing countries: Lack of infrastructure, open dumping, health risks.
Compare the economic opportunities available in central business districts versus suburban areas.
Central business districts: High-paying jobs, diverse industries. Suburban areas: Retail, services, lower-paying jobs.
Define urban sustainability.
Meeting present needs without compromising future generations; balancing social, economic, and environmental factors in cities.
What is suburban sprawl?
The expansion of cities outwards, characterized by low-density residential and commercial development on the urban fringe.
Define a brownfield.
Abandoned industrial or commercial sites with potential environmental contamination.
What are informal settlements?
Areas outside city centers in developing countries marked by poverty, poor living conditions, and often lacking legal recognition.
Define squatter settlements.
Homemade structures on occupied land, often lacking legal permission.
What are shantytowns?
Neighborhoods without legal land claims, lacking infrastructure, basic services, and legal recognition.
Define placelessness.
The feeling that everywhere looks the same, often associated with chain stores and generic landscapes.
What is 'sense of place'?
The emotional attachment to a specific place, making it feel unique and special.
What is a cultural landscape?
The visible imprint of human activity on the land, a mix of natural and human-made features.
What is farmland protection?
Policies and practices aimed at preserving agricultural land from urban development.