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What is the core concept of the Concentric Zone Model?
Cities grow outward from a central business district (CBD) in concentric circles.
What is the key idea behind the Hoyt Sector Model?
Transportation corridors influence urban growth, shaping the city into sectors or wedges.
What is the central idea of the Multiple Nuclei Model?
Cities are complex and polycentric, developing around multiple centers or nuclei.
What is the main focus of the Peripheral Model?
The growth of edge cities on the outskirts of metropolitan areas, driven by decentralization.
Explain the concept of urban morphology.
The study of the form and structure of urban areas, including the arrangement of streets, buildings, and land uses.
What is the Chicago School of thought in urban studies?
A sociological approach that views cities as dynamic and evolving organisms, influencing the Concentric Zone Model.
Explain the concept of bid-rent theory.
A theory that explains how land values vary across an urban area, influencing the location of different activities.
What is the concept of accessibility in urban planning?
The ease with which people can reach various destinations and services within a city.
Explain the concept of urban sprawl.
The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into the surrounding countryside, often associated with the Peripheral Model.
What is the idea of 'rank-size rule' in urban geography?
The observation that the population of a city is inversely proportional to its rank in the urban hierarchy.
What is the definition of CBD?
Central Business District: The heart of the city, with commercial activities and high land values.
What is the definition of a Transition Zone?
Area surrounding the CBD, characterized by older buildings, poverty, and social issues.
What is the definition of an Edge City?
Self-sufficient urban area on the periphery of a metropolitan area, with residential, commercial, and industrial areas.
Define Concentric Zone Model.
A model where cities grow outward from a CBD in concentric circles.
Define Hoyt Sector Model.
A model where cities grow in sectors or wedges, radiating out from the CBD along transportation routes.
Define Multiple Nuclei Model.
A model where cities develop around multiple centers or nuclei, each with its own function.
Define Peripheral Model.
A model that focuses on the growth of edge cities on the outskirts of metropolitan areas.
What is a Commuter Zone?
The outer ring of the Concentric Zone Model, with suburban areas and residential communities.
Define Decentralization in urban context.
The shift of jobs and population away from the central business district to suburban areas.
What are Specialized Districts?
Areas within a city that attract related activities and land uses, as described in the Multiple Nuclei Model.
Compare the Concentric Zone Model and the Hoyt Sector Model.
Concentric Zone: Circles outward. Hoyt: Wedges along transportation. Hoyt considers transportation; Concentric Zone does not.
Compare the Multiple Nuclei Model and the Peripheral Model.
Multiple Nuclei: Multiple centers within the city. Peripheral: Focuses on edge cities on the outskirts.
Compare the strengths of the Concentric Zone Model and the Multiple Nuclei Model.
Concentric Zone: Simple and easy to understand. Multiple Nuclei: More realistic and accounts for complexity.
Compare the weaknesses of the Hoyt Sector Model and the Peripheral Model.
Hoyt: Simplistic, may not apply to cities with complex topography. Peripheral: Can contribute to urban sprawl.
Compare the applicability of the Concentric Zone Model in the early 20th century versus today.
More applicable in the early 20th century due to simpler urban structures; less applicable today due to increased complexity.
Compare the role of transportation in the Hoyt Sector Model and the Peripheral Model.
Hoyt: Transportation corridors shape sectors. Peripheral: Highways and airports facilitate edge city growth.
Compare the focus of the Multiple Nuclei Model and the Concentric Zone Model regarding the CBD.
Multiple Nuclei: De-emphasizes the CBD. Concentric Zone: CBD is the central focus.
Compare the consideration of social factors in the Hoyt Sector Model and the Concentric Zone Model.
Both models have limitations in considering social factors like racial and ethnic segregation.
Compare the relevance of the Peripheral Model in North America versus Europe.
More relevant in North America due to car-dependent suburban development; less so in Europe with stronger public transport.
Compare the strengths and weaknesses of using city models in urban planning.
Strengths: Analytical tool, informs policy. Weaknesses: Oversimplification, doesn't capture all complexities.