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What does the simile comparing Carthage's grief to the fall of Carthage or Tyre suggest about Carthaginian identity?
It suggests a deep connection between the city's fate and the people's emotional state, emphasizing the potential for total destruction and loss of identity.
What does Anna's reaction (defiling her face and breast) reveal about Roman mourning customs?
It reflects the intensity of grief expression in classical times, where physical displays of mourning were common, especially among women.
Why is Dido's suicide considered unusual in the context of Roman beliefs about death?
Because her death is neither fated nor deserved, and Proserpina has not yet claimed her soul, highlighting the disruption of the natural order.
What does Juno's pity towards Dido suggest about the role and emotions of the gods in Roman mythology?
It suggests that even powerful gods can be moved by mortal suffering, reflecting a complex relationship between divine intervention and human fate.
What is the significance of Proserpina's role in the context of death?
Proserpina, as the goddess of the underworld, plays a key role in claiming souls after death. Her not yet claiming Dido emphasizes the irregular nature of Dido's death.
What does the mention of 'Stygioque caput damnaverat Orco' imply about Roman beliefs about the afterlife?
It implies a belief in a distinct underworld (Orcus) and the process of condemnation or judgment after death.
How does the depiction of Dido's suicide reflect Roman attitudes towards suicide?
It presents a complex view, acknowledging the tragic circumstances while also highlighting the disruption of fate and divine order.
What is the cultural significance of Iris releasing Dido's soul?
It highlights the belief in a soul separate from the body and the divine role in its departure, reflecting Roman spiritual beliefs.
How does Vergil use descriptions of mourning to reflect Roman values and emotions?
Vergil uses vivid descriptions of mourning to emphasize the importance of community, the depth of personal loss, and the acceptance of fate, all central to Roman values.
What does the reference to 'flammae furentes culmina perque hominum volvantur perque deorum' suggest about Roman religious beliefs?
It suggests that destruction affects both the human and divine realms, implying that even the gods are not immune to chaos and loss, which reflects the interconnectedness of the mortal and immortal worlds in Roman belief.
What is the meaning of 'lamentis'?
Laments, wailings
What is the meaning of 'gemituque'?
And with groaning
What is the meaning of 'ululatu'?
Wailing, howling
What is the meaning of 'tecta'?
Buildings, roofs
What is the meaning of 'fremunt'?
They roar
What is the meaning of 'plangoribus'?
With cries, lamentations
What is the meaning of 'exanimis'?
Lifeless
What is the meaning of 'trepido'?
Trembling
What is the meaning of 'foedans'?
Defiling
What is the meaning of 'morientem'?
Dying
What is the meaning of 'omnipotens'?
All-powerful
What is the meaning of 'obitus'?
Death
What is the meaning of 'resolveret'?
To release, to loosen
What is the meaning of 'accensa'?
Inflamed, kindled
What is the meaning of 'furore'?
By madness, rage
What is the meaning of 'vertice'?
From her head
What is the meaning of 'damnaverat'?
Had condemned
Explain the case and number of 'lamentis'.
Ablative plural
What is the tense and mood of 'ruat'?
Present subjunctive
Identify the type of clause and its function in 'quam si immissis ruat hostibus omnis Karthago'.
Simile introduced by 'quam si', expressing a comparison.
What is the case and use of 'nomine'?
Ablative of specification
What is the case and number of 'dolorem'?
Accusative singular
What is the mood and tense of 'resolveret'?
Imperfect Subjunctive
What is the grammatical function of 'miserata'?
Perfect participle modifying Juno
What is the case of 'Stygio...Orco' and why?
Dative, with the compound verb 'damnaverat'
What is the tense and voice of 'peribat'?
Imperfect, active
What is the function of 'quae' in line 695?
Relative pronoun, referring to Iris
What is the case and number of 'artus'?
Accusative plural
What is the tense of 'abstulerat'?
Pluperfect