It is a traditional appeal to the goddesses of inspiration for divine assistance in telling the story.

She favored the Greeks in the Trojan War and foresaw a Trojan lineage destroying Carthage, her favorite city.

Fate is a powerful, overarching force that dictates the destiny of Aeneas and the Roman people, often influencing the actions of both gods and humans.

Carthage is Juno's favorite city and a future rival to Rome, setting up a conflict that drives much of the plot.

Vergil emphasizes values like piety (pietas), duty to family and state, and perseverance in the face of adversity as foundational to Roman identity.

Hospitality was a sacred duty, offering protection and resources to travelers, and was a measure of a leader's virtue and societal values.

The storm symbolizes the challenges and obstacles Aeneas faces, as well as the power of the gods to disrupt human lives.

Aeneas embodies piety, duty, courage, and leadership, all important Roman values.

Venus's intervention highlights the gods' active involvement in human affairs and the importance of divine lineage and support.

The gods actively intervene in human affairs, influencing events and shaping the destinies of mortals.

The Aeneid promotes the idea of Roman destiny and imperial power, aligning with Augustus's efforts to legitimize his rule and celebrate Roman achievements.

Women like Juno and Dido wield significant power and influence, but their actions often lead to conflict and tragedy, reflecting complex views on gender roles.

Each line has six 'feet'. A dactyl is a long syllable followed by two short syllables (– ∪ ∪), and a spondee is two long syllables (– –). The 5th foot is a dactyl, and the 6th is a spondee.

Elision is when a sound or syllable is omitted. Type 1 is when a word ends in a vowel and the next word starts with a vowel, the vowel and the 'm' may elide. Type 2 is when a word ends in a vowel and the next word starts with a vowel, the ending vowel must elide.

A metrical foot consisting of two long syllables (– –).

A metrical foot consisting of one long syllable followed by two short syllables (– ∪ ∪).

A vowel followed by two consonants is usually long.

Genitive case, modifies 'oris'.

Perfect passive participle.

Genitive, showing possession/attribution to ira.

Present active participle, modifying Juno and showing cause for her actions.

Accusative plural, direct object of 'obicere'.

Perfect, Deponent.

Dative of purpose.

Arms, weapons

Man

I sing, I tell

Of Troy

Fate, destiny

Savage, fierce

Wrath, anger

The gods (above)

Duty, devotion, piety

Misfortune, event, chance

Tyrians (people of Tyre)

Walls, ramparts