Revise later
SpaceTo flip
If confident
All Flashcards
What is the meaning of 'duces principesque'?
Leaders and chiefs
What is the meaning of 'sermonis aditum causamque amicitiae'?
Intimacy and grounds of friendship
What is the meaning of 'omnem esse in armis Galliam'?
All Gaul is in arms
What is the meaning of 'Germanos Rhenum transisse'?
The Germans have crossed the Rhine
What is the meaning of 'Caesaris reliquorumque hiberna oppugnari'?
The winter camps of Caesar and the others are being attacked
What is the meaning of 'fidei faciendae causa'?
For the purpose of obtaining credence
What is the meaning of 'licere illis incolumibus per se ex hibernis discedere'?
It is possible for them to depart from their winter-quarters safely through their means
What is the meaning of 'nihil nisi hiberna recusent'?
They deny them nothing but winter-quarters
What is the meaning of 'non esse consuetudinem populi Romani accipere ab hoste armato condicionem'?
It is not the custom of the Roman people to accept any condition from an armed enemy
What is the meaning of 'adiutor'?
Advocate
What is the meaning of 'legatos'?
Ambassadors
What is the meaning of 'Ab hac spe repulsi'?
Disappointed in this hope
What is the meaning of 'vallum'?
Rampart
What is the meaning of 'fossa'?
Ditch
What is the meaning of 'captivos'?
Captives
What is the meaning of 'caespites'?
Turf
What is the meaning of 'falces'?
Grappling irons
What is the meaning of 'testudines'?
Mantelets
What is the meaning of 'ferventes fusili ex argilla glandes'?
Hot balls made of burned clay
What is the meaning of 'fervefacta iacula'?
Heated javelins
What is the meaning of 'casas'?
Huts
What is the meaning of 'maximo clamore'?
Very loud shout
What is the meaning of 'scalis'?
Ladders
What is the meaning of 'virtus'?
Courage
What is the meaning of 'praesentia animi'?
Presence of mind
What is the meaning of 'acerrime fortissimeque'?
Most vigorously and most valiantly
What is the meaning of 'gravissimus'?
Most calamitous
What does Cicero's response to the Nervii reveal about Roman values?
It highlights Roman pride, their refusal to negotiate under duress, and their commitment to military dominance.
How does the Nervii's resourcefulness in fortification reflect their culture?
It demonstrates their adaptability, ingenuity, and determination to resist Roman occupation, even with limited resources.
What does the Roman soldiers' 'virtus' and 'praesentia animi' under attack illustrate about Roman military culture?
It exemplifies the Roman emphasis on courage, discipline, and maintaining composure in the face of adversity.
What does the Nervii's use of Ambiorix's claims indicate about Gallic alliances and trust?
It suggests a level of trust and coordination among Gallic tribes, even if based on misinformation or strategic manipulation.
How does the description of the Nervii building fortifications with limited tools highlight their commitment to war?
It shows their extreme dedication and willingness to overcome any obstacle in their fight against the Romans, emphasizing the high stakes of the conflict.
What does the Roman tactic of feigned retreat reveal about their military strategy?
It demonstrates their flexibility and willingness to use deception to gain an advantage, even in dire situations.
What does the phrase 'non esse consuetudinem populi Romani accipere ab hoste armato condicionem' reveal about Roman diplomacy?
It underscores the Roman principle of not negotiating from a position of weakness or under threat, emphasizing their dominance.
How does the mention of Roman prisoners helping the Nervii reflect the complexities of war?
It shows how war can blur lines and create unexpected alliances, highlighting the resourcefulness of both sides in utilizing available skills.
What does the fiery assault launched by the Nervii suggest about their warfare tactics?
It reveals their willingness to use unconventional and destructive methods to inflict maximum damage and terrorize the enemy.
How does Caesar portray the Nervii in these chapters, and what might be his purpose?
Caesar portrays them as formidable and resourceful enemies, which serves to glorify the Roman victory and emphasize the challenges faced by his troops.
What is the significance of the winter camps (hiberna) in Roman military strategy?
Winter camps were crucial for maintaining a Roman presence in conquered territories, but they were also vulnerable to attack, making their defense strategically important.
What is an indirect statement and how is it typically formed in Latin?
An indirect statement reports someone's words or thoughts indirectly. It is formed using an accusative subject and an infinitive verb.
What is an ablative absolute and how does it function in a sentence?
An ablative absolute is a phrase consisting of a noun or pronoun and a participle, both in the ablative case. It provides background information or sets the scene for the main action of the sentence.
What is a purpose clause and how is it typically introduced?
A purpose clause expresses the purpose or reason for an action. It is typically introduced by 'ut' or 'ne' (for negative purpose) followed by the subjunctive mood.
Identify the ablative absolute in the phrase 'maximo coorto vento' and explain its function.
The ablative absolute is 'maximo coorto vento' (with a very high wind having sprung up). It sets the scene or provides context for the events that follow.
How does the use of the subjunctive mood in a purpose clause affect its meaning?
The subjunctive mood in a purpose clause indicates that the action is potential or intended, rather than a definite fact.
Explain the grammatical structure of the phrase 'vallo pedum IX'.
'pedum IX' is a genitive of measure, indicating the height of the rampart. 'vallo' is in the ablative case.
What case is used for the object of the preposition 'ab' and provide an example from the text.
The ablative case. Example: 'accipere ab hoste armato condicionem'
Explain the use of the accusative case in the phrase 'omnem esse in armis Galliam'.
'omnem Galliam' is in the accusative case as the subject of the indirect statement, with 'esse' being the infinitive.
What is the grammatical function of 'causa' in the phrase 'fidei faciendae causa'?
'causa' is an ablative of cause, indicating the reason or purpose for the action.
Identify the case and number of 'hibernis' in the phrase 'ex hibernis discedere'.
'hibernis' is in the ablative plural, indicating the place from which they are departing.
Explain the construction 'non esse consuetudinem' and its significance.
This is an impersonal construction, meaning 'it is not the custom'. It emphasizes the Roman adherence to tradition.
What grammatical construction is 'Ab hac spe repulsi'?
Ablative absolute