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What is the rhythmic placement of an anticipation tone?
Always unaccented, occurring before the beat.
How do escape tones resolve?
By a leap in the opposite direction of the step.
How are appoggiaturas approached and resolved?
Approached by leap, resolved by step.
Where are pedal points commonly found?
Usually in the bass, common in fugues.
Are anticipation tones usually consonant or dissonant?
Almost always dissonant.
What is the difference between harmonic and non-harmonic pedal points?
Harmonic are part of the chord progression; non-harmonic are not.
What is the voice leading rule for escape tones?
Resolve by a leap in the opposite direction of the step.
What is an anticipation tone?
A chord tone that arrives early, just before the chord change.
What is an escape tone?
A non-chord tone that moves stepwise from a chord tone and then leaps.
What is an appoggiatura?
A non-chord tone approached by leap and resolved by step.
What is a pedal point?
A sustained note (usually in the bass) while the harmony changes above it.
What is the effect of anticipation tones?
Creates tension and a sense of anticipation before a resolution.
What is the effect of escape tones?
Adds tension and creates a sense of movement and resolution.
What is the effect of appoggiaturas?
Adds dissonance and tension, creating a sense of movement and resolution; ornamentation.
What is the effect of pedal points?
Creates tension and dissonance, often with an eerie quality.
What is an upper escape tone?
Steps up from a chord tone, then leaps down.
What is a lower escape tone?
Steps down from a chord tone, then leaps up.