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What is the effect of changing reference frames on measured velocity?
The measured velocity of an object changes depending on the reference frame.
What is the effect of a train moving east at 20 m/s on a person walking towards the back of the train at 2 m/s relative to the ground?
The person's velocity relative to an observer standing on the ground is 18 m/s east.
What happens to the observed velocity when a car moves at 60 km/h and a train moves at 80 km/h in the same direction?
The car's velocity relative to the train is -20 km/h (it appears to move backward).
What is the effect of the river flowing east at 3 m/s on a boat traveling north across a river at 5 m/s relative to the water?
The magnitude of the boat's velocity relative to an observer on the riverbank is $\sqrt{34}$ m/s.
What is the effect of throwing a ball vertically upward inside a train that is moving horizontally at a constant velocity according to an observer on the train?
The ball's horizontal acceleration is zero.
What are the key differences between inertial and non-inertial reference frames?
Inertial: Not accelerating, constant velocity, laws of physics consistent. Non-inertial: Accelerating, laws of physics may appear different.
Compare observed velocity and object velocity.
Object velocity: Actual velocity of the object. Observed velocity: Combination of object velocity and observer's reference frame velocity.
What is the key difference between an inertial and non-inertial reference frame?
Inertial Frame: Not accelerating (constant velocity or at rest). Non-Inertial Frame: Accelerating.
Compare how velocity is perceived in two different inertial reference frames.
Different inertial reference frames: Velocity is different. Acceleration: Acceleration remains the same.