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What is density?
Density is the ratio of mass to volume, representing how much mass is packed into a given space.
Define an ideal fluid.
An ideal fluid is a theoretical fluid that is incompressible (constant density) and has zero viscosity (no internal friction).
What does 'incompressible' mean in the context of fluids?
Incompressible means that the density of the fluid remains constant even when pressure changes are applied.
What is viscosity?
Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, or its internal friction.
Define a fluid.
A fluid is a substance that can flow and does not have a fixed shape, including both liquids and gases.
What are the differences between solids, liquids, and gases in terms of intermolecular forces?
Solids: Strong forces, fixed shape/volume | Liquids: Weaker forces, fixed volume, variable shape | Gases: Very weak forces, variable shape/volume.
What are the key differences between real and ideal fluids?
Ideal fluids are incompressible and have zero viscosity. Real fluids have viscosity and can be compressed.
Compare the shape and volume characteristics of liquids and gases.
Liquids: take the shape of their container but keep a constant volume. Gases: expand to fill their container, taking both its shape and volume.
Contrast the density of oil and water and its effect.
Oil is less dense than water, which is why oil floats on water.
Compare intermolecular forces in liquids vs gases.
Liquids have weaker intermolecular forces than solids but stronger than gases. Gases have very weak intermolecular forces.
What is the effect of increased density on an object in a fluid?
An object with higher density than the fluid will sink.
What happens if a fluid is incompressible?
Its density remains constant even with pressure changes.
What is the effect of higher viscosity in a fluid?
Higher viscosity leads to greater resistance to flow.
What happens when a gas is released into a larger container?
The gas expands to fill the entire volume of the container.
What happens when an object is less dense than the fluid it is in?
The object will float.