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Compare laminar and turbulent flow.
Laminar: Smooth, orderly flow due to strong particle interactions. Turbulent: Chaotic flow due to complex interactions and uneven surfaces.
Compare the buoyant force on a fully submerged object vs. a floating object.
Fully Submerged: Buoyant force may or may not equal the object's weight. Floating: Buoyant force equals the object's weight.
Compare the volume of an object to the volume of displaced fluid when the object is fully submerged.
The volume of the object is equal to the volume of the displaced fluid.
Compare the volume of an object to the volume of displaced fluid when the object is floating.
The volume of the object is not equal to the volume of the displaced fluid.
Differentiate between external and internal forces in fluid dynamics.
External Forces: Forces acting on the fluid from outside (e.g., gravity). Internal Forces: Forces between fluid particles (e.g., viscosity).
What is buoyant force?
An upward force on an object immersed in a fluid, opposing the object’s weight.
What is Archimedes' Principle?
The buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Define fluid dynamics.
The study of how forces affect the motion of fluids, both at the particle level and on a larger scale.
What is viscosity?
A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, caused by internal interactions between fluid particles.
What is the relationship between pressure and depth in a fluid?
Fluid pressure increases with depth.
Cause: A fluid particle experiences a net force.
Effect: The particle accelerates according to Newton's Laws.
Cause: Fluid pressure increases with depth.
Effect: An immersed object experiences an upward buoyant force.
Cause: An object displaces a volume of fluid.
Effect: The fluid exerts a buoyant force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.
Cause: Increased internal interactions between fluid particles.
Effect: Higher viscosity, leading to slower flow.
Cause: A ship displaces a volume of water equal to its weight.
Effect: The ship floats.