Revise later
SpaceTo flip
If confident
All Flashcards
What is the effect of decreasing the cross-sectional area of a pipe on fluid velocity (incompressible fluid)?
The fluid velocity increases to maintain a constant volume flow rate, according to the continuity equation.
What happens to fluid pressure when fluid velocity increases, according to Bernoulli's principle?
The fluid pressure decreases.
What is the effect of increasing the height of water in a tank on the exit velocity from a hole at the bottom?
The exit velocity increases, as described by Torricelli's theorem.
Define 'pressure difference' in fluid flow.
The difference in pressure between two points in a fluid system, driving flow from high to low pressure.
What is the 'continuity equation'?
A principle stating that for incompressible fluids, the mass flow rate is constant: $A_1v_1 = A_2v_2$.
Define 'mass flow rate'.
The mass of fluid passing a point per unit time, given by $\dot{m} = \rho A v$.
What is 'Bernoulli's equation'?
An equation expressing conservation of energy in fluid flow: $P_{1}+\rho g y_{1}+\frac{1}{2} \rho v_{1}^{2}=P_{2}+\rho g y_{2}+\frac{1}{2} \rho v_{2}^{2}$.
Define 'Torricelli's theorem'.
A theorem stating that the exit velocity of a fluid from a hole is $v=\sqrt{2 g \Delta y}$, where $\Delta y$ is the height difference.
What is 'volume flow rate'?
The volume of fluid passing a point per unit time, given by $Q = Av$.
What is the difference between mass flow rate and volume flow rate?
Mass flow rate: Mass per unit time ($\rho A v$) | Volume flow rate: Volume per unit time ($A v$)
Compare and contrast gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy in fluid flow.
Gravitational potential energy: Energy due to height, decreases as fluid flows down | Kinetic energy: Energy due to motion, increases as fluid flows down (if potential energy converts to kinetic energy)