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What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass: Amount of matter in an object. Weight: Gravitational force acting on an object.
What is the difference between gravitational force and gravitational field?
Gravitational Force: The force of attraction between two masses. Gravitational Field: A region of space where a mass experiences a gravitational force.
Compare the effect of distance on gravitational force vs. gravitational field strength.
Both decrease with the square of the distance, following an inverse-square law.
What is the difference between $G$ and $g$?
$G$: Universal gravitational constant. $g$: Gravitational field strength (acceleration due to gravity).
Compare gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy in the context of orbital motion.
Gravitational potential energy: Energy due to position in a gravitational field. Kinetic energy: Energy due to motion. In orbit, these energies are constantly interchanging.
Compare Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation and the Gravitational Field Equation.
Newton's Law: $F = G rac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$, calculates the force between two masses. Field Equation: $g = G rac{M}{r^2}$, calculates the gravitational field strength due to a single mass.
Define Gravitational Force.
The force of attraction between any two objects with mass.
Define Free Fall.
When the only force acting on an object is gravity.
Define Gravitational Field.
A region of space where a mass experiences a gravitational force; a vector field.
What is 'g'?
Gravitational field strength (acceleration due to gravity).
Define Weight.
The gravitational force acting on an object.
What is $G$?
The universal gravitational constant ($6.67 imes 10^{-11} Nm^2/kg^2$).
Label the diagram of Gravitational Field Lines.
Lines point towards the center of mass, density indicates field strength.
Label the diagram of a Satellite Orbiting a Planet.
Planet (M), Satellite (m), Orbital Radius (r), Gravitational Force (F).