What is the effect of increasing gravitational mass on gravitational force?
Increasing gravitational mass increases the gravitational force experienced by the object.
What is the effect of increasing inertial mass on acceleration, given a constant force?
Increasing inertial mass decreases the acceleration of the object for a given force (F=ma).
What is the effect of the equivalence principle on objects falling in a vacuum?
All objects, regardless of their mass, fall at the same rate.
What is the effect of air resistance on objects with different masses and surface areas?
Objects with higher mass and smaller surface area fall faster due to less air resistance.
Compare and contrast Inertial Mass and Gravitational Mass.
Inertial Mass: Resistance to acceleration, appears in F=ma. | Gravitational Mass: Determines gravitational force, appears in F = G(m1m2)/r^2. Experimentally, they are found to be equal.
Compare Gravitational Force and Acceleration due to Gravity.
Gravitational Force: Depends on both masses involved. | Acceleration due to Gravity: Depends only on the mass of the planet causing the gravitational field.
Define Gravitational Mass.
Gravitational mass is a measure of how strongly an object interacts with gravity, determining the gravitational force it experiences.
Define Inertial Mass.
Inertial mass is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in its motion, indicating how much force is needed to accelerate it.
Define Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation.
The gravitational force (F) between two masses ($m_1$ and $m_2$) is described by: $F = G rac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$, where G is the gravitational constant and r is the distance between the centers of the masses.
Define Acceleration due to Gravity (g).
The acceleration at which objects fall near the Earth's surface (in a vacuum), approximately 9.8 m/s², given by: $g = rac{GM}{r^2}$, where M is the mass of the planet.
Define Conservation of Mass.
The total amount of mass in a closed system remains constant over time; mass is neither created nor destroyed, only transformed.
Define Newton's Second Law.
Newton's Second Law relates force, mass, and acceleration: $F = ma$, where F is the net force, m is the inertial mass, and a is the acceleration.
