Define the Law of Conservation of Energy.
The total energy of an isolated system remains constant; energy can change forms but is neither created nor destroyed.
What is Total Mechanical Energy (TME)?
The sum of potential (U) and kinetic (K) energies in a system: $TME = U + K$.
Define the Work-Energy Principle.
The net work done on an object equals its change in kinetic energy: $W_{net} = \Delta K = K_f - K_i$.
What is Power?
The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred: $P = \frac{W}{t}$ or $P = \frac{\Delta E}{t}$.
What are the units for Power?
Watts (W), equivalent to joules per second (J/s).
What is kinetic energy?
Energy possessed by an object due to its motion.
What is potential energy?
Energy stored in an object due to its position or condition.
What is the effect of friction on the total mechanical energy of a system?
Friction causes a decrease in total mechanical energy, converting it into thermal energy.
What happens when positive work is done on an object?
The object's kinetic energy increases, and it speeds up.
What happens when negative work is done on an object?
The object's kinetic energy decreases, and it slows down.
What is the effect of increasing the spring constant (k) on the potential energy stored in a spring?
Increasing the spring constant increases the potential energy stored in the spring for a given displacement.
What happens to the kinetic energy of an object as it falls in a vacuum?
Its kinetic energy increases as its potential energy decreases, maintaining constant total mechanical energy.
What is the effect of friction on a moving object?
Friction causes a decrease in kinetic energy, often converted into thermal energy.
What happens when positive work is done on an object?
The object's kinetic energy increases, and it speeds up.
What is the effect of increasing the height of an object above the ground?
The object's gravitational potential energy increases.
What happens when a spring is compressed or stretched?
Elastic potential energy is stored in the spring.
What happens when negative work is done on an object?
The object's kinetic energy decreases, and it slows down.
What is the cause of change in kinetic energy?
Net work done on the object.
