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What is the effect of applying a force over a period of time to an object?
It causes a change in the object's momentum (impulse).
What is the effect of a collision in a closed system?
The total momentum of the system before and after the collision remains constant.
What is the effect of external forces on a system's momentum?
External forces cause a change in the system's total momentum.
What are the differences between elastic and inelastic collisions?
Elastic Collisions: Kinetic energy is conserved, objects bounce off. | Inelastic Collisions: Kinetic energy is not conserved, energy lost as heat/sound, objects may stick.
What are the differences between open and closed systems in the context of momentum?
Closed System: No exchange of matter/energy, momentum conserved. | Open System: Exchange of matter/energy, momentum may not be conserved.
Define momentum.
Momentum is a measure of how much 'oomph' an object has when it's moving; its resistance to changes in motion.
What is the formula for momentum?
$p = mv$, where $p$ = momentum, $m$ = mass, and $v$ = velocity.
Define impulse.
Impulse is the change in an object's momentum caused by a force acting over a period of time.
What is the formula for impulse?
$J = \Delta p = F\Delta t$, where $J$ = impulse, $\Delta p$ = change in momentum, $F$ = force, and $\Delta t$ = time interval.
What is a closed system?
A closed system is one where no matter or energy is exchanged with the surroundings; total momentum remains constant.
What is an open system?
An open system is one where matter or energy can be exchanged with the surroundings; total momentum may not be constant.