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Describe the energy transformation in SHM.
Continuous conversion between potential and kinetic energy. Maximum potential energy at maximum displacement; maximum kinetic energy at equilibrium.
How to calculate total energy at maximum displacement?
At maximum displacement, all energy is potential. Use $U = \frac{1}{2}kx^2$ to calculate total energy.
How to calculate total energy at equilibrium?
At equilibrium, all energy is kinetic. Total energy is equal to the potential energy at maximum displacement, calculated using $U = \frac{1}{2}kx^2$.
What is internal energy (U)?
Energy associated with the random motion of a system's particles; thermal energy within an object.
What is potential energy (U)?
Energy an object has due to its position or configuration within a force field.
What is kinetic energy (K)?
The energy of motion; the energy an object has because it's moving.
Define total energy in a closed system.
The sum of potential and kinetic energy, which remains constant in the absence of non-conservative forces.
What is a simple harmonic oscillator?
A system that, when displaced from its equilibrium position, experiences a restoring force proportional to the displacement.
What is the effect of increasing the displacement (x) on potential energy (U)?
Potential energy increases quadratically ($U = \frac{1}{2}kx^2$).
What happens to kinetic energy as an oscillator approaches its equilibrium position?
Kinetic energy increases, reaching its maximum at the equilibrium position.
What happens to the total energy of a SHM system if there are no non-conservative forces?
The total energy remains constant.
What happens to the total energy of a SHM system if the amplitude of the oscillation is doubled?
The total energy quadruples.