What is pressure?
Pressure is the force exerted per unit area. In gases, it arises from the collisions of gas molecules with the walls of the container.
What is temperature?
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules within a substance. Higher temperature means higher average kinetic energy.
What is kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. It is directly proportional to the mass and the square of the velocity of the object.
What is the ideal gas?
An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of randomly moving point particles that do not interact except when they collide elastically.
Define average kinetic energy in terms of temperature.
Average kinetic energy is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas. An increase in temperature results in a proportional increase in the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules.
Define Pressure in the context of Kinetic Theory.
Pressure is the total force exerted by gas atoms colliding with a surface, divided by the area of that surface. $$P = \frac{F_{\perp}}{A}$$
Define Temperature in the context of Kinetic Theory.
Temperature is directly related to the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules within a substance.
What is Kinetic Theory?
Kinetic Theory explains the macroscopic properties of gases in terms of the motion of atoms and molecules.
Define average kinetic energy.
The average kinetic energy is the average of the kinetic energies of all the particles in a system. It is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the system.
What is meant by 'conservation of momentum' in atomic collisions?
In collisions between gas atoms, the total momentum of the system remains constant, meaning momentum is neither lost nor gained.
What is the effect of increasing the temperature of a gas in a closed container?
The average speed of the gas atoms increases, leading to more frequent and forceful collisions with the container walls, which increases pressure.
What is the effect of decreasing the volume of a gas while keeping the temperature constant?
The pressure of the gas increases because the atoms collide more frequently with the container walls.
What is the effect of increasing the average kinetic energy of gas molecules?
The temperature of the gas increases.
What is the effect of more frequent collisions of gas molecules with container walls?
An increase in pressure.
What is the effect of slowing down the atoms in a gas?
Cooling a gas slows down the atoms, decreasing their kinetic energy and the temperature.
