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What is heat?
The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another due to a temperature difference.
What is conduction?
Heat transfer through direct contact, involving molecular collisions.
What is convection?
Heat transfer through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) due to density differences.
What is radiation?
Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves, which can travel through a vacuum.
What is the sign convention for Q > 0?
Heat is added to the system.
What is the sign convention for Q < 0?
Heat is removed from the system.
What are the differences between conduction and convection?
Conduction: Direct contact, molecular collisions. Convection: Fluid movement, density differences.
What are the differences between convection and radiation?
Convection: Requires a medium (fluid). Radiation: Does not require a medium (electromagnetic waves).
What are the differences between conduction and radiation?
Conduction: Direct contact. Radiation: Electromagnetic waves, no medium needed.
Compare and contrast heat transfer through conduction and convection.
Conduction transfers heat through direct contact and molecular collisions, while convection transfers heat through the movement of fluids due to density differences.
Compare and contrast heat transfer through convection and radiation.
Convection involves the movement of fluids, while radiation uses electromagnetic waves and does not require a medium.
What happens when objects at different temperatures come into direct contact?
Conduction occurs: Kinetic energy is transferred from the hotter object to the cooler object through molecular collisions.
What happens when a fluid is heated?
Convection occurs: The fluid becomes less dense, rises, and is replaced by cooler, denser fluid, creating a cycle.
What happens when electromagnetic waves strike an object?
Radiation occurs: The object absorbs the energy, increasing its temperature.
What is the effect of temperature difference on heat transfer?
The greater the temperature difference, the faster the rate of heat transfer.
What happens to the kinetic energy of atoms in a hotter block when it comes into contact with a cooler block?
The atoms in the hotter block transfer some of their kinetic energy to the atoms in the cooler block through collisions.