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What are the differences between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials?
Ferromagnetic: Strongly magnetized, permanent magnets | Paramagnetic: Weakly attracted, temporary magnets
What are the differences between paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials?
Paramagnetic: Weakly attracted to magnetic fields | Diamagnetic: Weakly repelled by magnetic fields
What are the differences between electric and magnetic fields?
Electric Fields: Start and end at charges | Magnetic Fields: Form closed loops
What are the differences between permeability ($mu$) and permittivity ($\epsilon$)?
Permeability: Related to magnetic fields | Permittivity: Related to electric fields
What happens when a magnetic dipole is placed in an external magnetic field?
It aligns itself with the field direction to minimize potential energy.
What is the effect of circular or rotational motion of electric charges?
Creation of magnetic dipoles.
What is the effect of aligned magnetic domains in ferromagnetic material?
The material becomes permanently magnetized.
What is the effect of Earth's magnetic field?
Navigation and protection from harmful solar radiation.
What happens when a material with high magnetic permeability is placed in an external magnetic field?
The material becomes strongly magnetized.
What are magnetic fields?
Vector fields exerting forces on moving charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials. They form closed loops and are produced by magnetic dipoles.
What is a magnetic dipole?
A source of magnetic fields, having both a north and south pole. Isolated magnetic monopoles do not exist.
What are ferromagnetic materials?
Materials (like iron, nickel, cobalt) that can be permanently magnetized. Their magnetic domains align in an external field and stay aligned after the field is removed.
What are paramagnetic materials?
Materials (like aluminum, titanium, magnesium) that are weakly attracted to external magnetic fields. Their dipoles align with the field but return to random orientations when the field is removed.
What are diamagnetic materials?
Materials that are weakly repelled by external magnetic fields. This is a property of all materials due to their electronic structure.
What is magnetic permeability ($\mu$)?
A measure of how much a material will become magnetized in response to an external magnetic field.
What is vacuum permeability ($\mu_0$)?
A fundamental constant representing the permeability of empty space. $\mu_{0} = 4\pi \times 10^{-7} \text{ N/A}^2$
What is relative permeability ($\mu_r$)?
The ratio of a material's permeability to the vacuum permeability: $\mu_r = \frac{\mu}{\mu_0}$