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Define Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM).
A special type of periodic motion where the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement.
What is periodic motion?
Motion that repeats in a regular cycle over time.
Define the period (T) of an oscillation.
The time it takes to complete one full cycle.
Define the frequency (f) of an oscillation.
The number of cycles per unit time, measured in Hertz (Hz).
What is a restoring force?
A force that always acts to bring an object back to its equilibrium position.
Define equilibrium position.
The point where the net force on an object is zero, resulting in zero acceleration.
What happens when an object is displaced from equilibrium in SHM?
The restoring force pushes or pulls it back towards the equilibrium position.
What is the effect of increasing the displacement from equilibrium on the restoring force?
The restoring force increases linearly.
What happens to the total mechanical energy in SHM?
The total mechanical energy (potential + kinetic) is conserved; energy is constantly exchanged between potential and kinetic forms.
What happens if the mass in a mass-spring system is doubled?
The period of oscillation increases by a factor of $\sqrt{2}$.
What happens if the length of a pendulum is quadrupled?
The period of oscillation is doubled.
How do you apply Newton's Second Law to SHM?
1. State Newton's Second Law: $F = ma$. 2. Substitute the restoring force: $ma = -kx$. 3. Rearrange the equation: $a = -(k/m)x$.
Describe the energy transformation in SHM.
1. At maximum displacement, all energy is potential. 2. As the object moves towards equilibrium, potential energy converts to kinetic energy. 3. At equilibrium, all energy is kinetic. 4. As the object moves past equilibrium, kinetic energy converts back to potential energy.