What is the key distinction between sex and gender?
Sex is biological; gender is social and culturally constructed.
How are gender roles learned?
Learned through reinforcement, punishment, and modeling within society.
What factors influence the development of gender identity?
Biological (genes, hormones), social (parental expectations), and cognitive factors (gender constancy, schemas).
What are gender schemas?
Mental frameworks that organize and interpret information related to gender.
What is the impact of 'double binds' related to gender?
Women displaying masculine traits may be seen as aggressive, while men displaying feminine traits may be seen as weak.
How does socialization influence gender development?
Socialization teaches cultural values, attitudes, and behaviors, shaping individuals' understanding and expression of gender.
What is the effect of stereotype threat on performance?
It can impair performance by increasing anxiety and self-doubt, especially in situations where individuals fear confirming negative stereotypes.
What is the definition of 'sex'?
Biological traits (chromosomes, hormones, anatomy) that define males and females.
What is the definition of 'gender'?
Psychological, social, and cultural aspects of being male or female.
What is the definition of 'socialization'?
The lifelong process of learning cultural values, attitudes, and behaviors.
What is the definition of 'gender roles'?
Societal expectations about how males and females should think, act, and feel.
What is the definition of 'gender identity'?
Your inner sense of being male, female, or another gender.
Define 'stereotype threat'.
Fear of confirming negative stereotypes, which can impair performance.
