Revise later
SpaceTo flip
If confident
All Flashcards
What is an optimistic explanatory style?
Good things are internal, stable, and global; bad things are external, unstable, and specific.
What is a pessimistic explanatory style?
Good things are external, unstable, and specific; bad things are internal, stable, and global.
What is upward social comparison?
Comparing yourself to someone who's better off; can be motivating or hurt self-esteem.
What is downward social comparison?
Comparing yourself to someone who's worse off; can boost self-esteem but hinder motivation.
Explain the concept of attribution.
The process by which individuals explain the causes of behavior and events.
Explain the concept of internal attribution.
Assigning the cause of behavior to internal factors such as personality, abilities, or effort.
Explain the concept of external attribution.
Assigning the cause of behavior to external factors such as the situation, luck, or other people.
Explain the concept of self-serving bias.
The tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors to maintain self-esteem.
Explain the concept of fundamental attribution error.
The tendency to overestimate the role of dispositional factors and underestimate situational factors when explaining others' behavior.
Explain the concept of the mere exposure effect.
The phenomenon where repeated exposure to a stimulus leads to increased liking of that stimulus.
Explain the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy.
A belief or expectation that leads to behavior that causes the belief to come true.
What is the effect of an internal locus of control on coping with stress?
Better coping with stress because individuals take charge and make things happen.
What is the effect of self-fulfilling prophecies on relationships?
Beliefs about a partner can lead to actions that confirm those beliefs, positively or negatively affecting the relationship.
What is the effect of the fundamental attribution error on first impressions?
We tend to make snap judgments about people's character without considering the situation.
What is the effect of relative deprivation on social unrest?
It can lead to feelings of resentment and injustice, potentially causing social unrest.
What are the effects of attribution biases on interpersonal relationships?
Attribution biases can lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and negative perceptions of others.
What are the effects of an external locus of control on motivation?
An external locus of control can decrease motivation and lead to feelings of helplessness.
What are the effects of social comparison on self-esteem?
Social comparison can either boost or diminish self-esteem depending on the direction and outcome of the comparison.
What are the effects of the mere exposure effect on brand loyalty?
Increased exposure to a brand can lead to greater familiarity and loyalty among consumers.
What are the effects of self-fulfilling prophecies on academic performance?
Positive expectations from teachers can lead to improved student performance, while negative expectations can hinder it.
What are the effects of attribution style on mental health?
Pessimistic attribution styles are associated with increased risk of depression and anxiety.
How does internal locus of control apply to mental health?
It usually leads to better mental health and better coping with stress.
How does external locus of control apply to motivation?
It can lead to learned helplessness and less motivation to change.
Give an example of the mere exposure effect in marketing.
Liking a brand more after seeing its ads repeatedly.
How can self-fulfilling prophecies affect education?
A teacher's expectations can influence student performance positively or negatively.
How can understanding attribution theory help in conflict resolution?
By recognizing biases and considering situational factors, individuals can better understand and resolve conflicts.
How is locus of control related to academic achievement?
Students with an internal locus of control tend to perform better academically because they believe their effort matters.
How can the mere exposure effect be used in advertising?
Repeatedly showing an ad can make people more likely to develop a positive attitude toward the product.
How can self-fulfilling prophecies impact workplace dynamics?
If managers believe in their team's potential, they may foster a more supportive environment, leading to higher performance.
How does social comparison affect consumer behavior?
People often buy products to keep up with social norms or to feel superior to others.
How can attribution theory explain prejudice?
People may attribute negative behaviors of a group to dispositional factors (e.g., laziness) rather than situational factors (e.g., lack of opportunity).