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What is the effect of low test-retest reliability?
Inconsistent scores upon repeated testing, making the test results untrustworthy.
How does stereotype threat affect test scores?
It can cause anxiety and self-doubt, leading to lower scores than a person's actual ability.
What is the effect of high test validity?
Accurate measurement of the intended construct, ensuring the test is meaningful and useful.
What is the impact of intellectual disability on daily life?
Struggles with learning, problem-solving, communication, and everyday skills.
What is the effect of standardization on test fairness?
Ensures that all test takers are evaluated under the same conditions, promoting fairness.
What causes stereotype threat?
Awareness of negative stereotypes about one's group.
What is the effect of high IQ?
Giftedness and exceptional talents.
What is the effect of low IQ (below 70)?
Often indicates an intellectual disability.
What is the effect of high grit?
Increased likelihood of achieving long-term goals.
What is the effect of low grit?
Decreased likelihood of achieving long-term goals.
Explain the concept of standardization in testing.
Ensuring uniform procedures and grading to allow for fair comparison across test takers; scores often follow a normal curve.
What does it mean for a test to be reliable?
The test yields consistent results over time; a person should score similarly if they take the test multiple times.
What does it mean for a test to be valid?
The test accurately measures what it is intended to measure; it's about accuracy, not just consistency.
Explain the difference between achievement and aptitude tests.
Achievement tests measure what you've learned, while aptitude tests predict future performance.
Explain Binet's concept of mental age.
Mental age represents the intellectual level at which a person is functioning, regardless of their chronological age.
How does stereotype threat affect test performance?
Awareness of negative stereotypes can cause anxiety and impair performance on tests.
What is the significance of the normal curve in intelligence testing?
Intelligence scores often follow a normal distribution, with most people scoring near the average.
What is the Stanford-Binet test?
An intelligence test that is deviation-based, comparing your score to others of the same age.
What is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?
The most widely used intelligence test; includes subtests for similarities, vocabulary, design, and sequences.
Explain the concept of eugenics.
The idea of matching people with high IQs together to reproduce, which is ethically problematic.
Define standardization in testing.
Uniform testing procedures and grading for all test takers.
What is reliability in psychological testing?
The consistency of a test's results over multiple administrations.
Define validity in psychological testing.
The extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.
What is an achievement test?
A test that measures what you have already learned.
What is an aptitude test?
A test designed to predict your future performance or success.
Define mental age.
The age at which a person functions intellectually.
What is IQ (Intelligence Quotient)?
A score intended to represent a person's intellectual abilities, originally calculated as (mental age/chronological age) x 100.
Define grit.
Passion and determination to pursue long-term goals.
What is stereotype threat?
The risk of confirming negative stereotypes about one's group, leading to impaired performance.
Define intellectual disability.
Significantly below-average intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.