Give an example of retroactive interference.
Changing your password and then being unable to remember the old one.
Give an example of proactive interference.
Typing your old password when trying to use a new one.
Give an example of source amnesia.
Telling a joke you heard, but thinking you made it up yourself.
How does the misinformation effect impact eyewitness testimony?
Eyewitnesses may remember events incorrectly due to leading questions or post-event information.
How can the spacing effect improve exam performance?
By spacing out study sessions, information is better retained, leading to improved recall during the exam.
How can overlearning help in high-pressure situations?
By reviewing the material even after you think you know it, this makes it super resistant to forgetting, especially under stress.
What is the effect of trauma on memory?
Trauma can lead to retrograde amnesia, causing the inability to recall past memories, especially recent ones.
What is the effect of brain injuries on memory?
Brain injuries can cause both retrograde and anterograde amnesia, impairing the ability to recall past memories and form new ones.
What is the effect of leading questions on memory recall?
Leading questions can cause the misinformation effect, altering memory and incorporating inaccurate information into one's memory of an event.
What is Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve?
The curve shows the rate at which information is forgotten over time if no attempt is made to retain it; forgetting is rapid initially, then levels off.
Explain motivated forgetting.
Forgetting that arises from a strong desire to forget, usually because the experience is too disturbing or traumatic to remember.
What is the key idea behind Freudian forgetting?
We sometimes forget things on purpose, mostly unconsciously, to protect ourselves from painful or unacceptable memories.
